tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-24482561747622678782024-03-14T00:56:20.301-07:00Design ContextAmy Hillhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17229705333818130350noreply@blogger.comBlogger136125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2448256174762267878.post-69136162346057756432015-01-15T12:00:00.000-08:002015-01-15T09:11:44.146-08:00End Of Module Evaluation<div class="MsoNormal">
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">OUGD601</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">Context Of Practice 3</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">1.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>What skills
have you developed through this module and how effectively do you think you
have applied them?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">I have really developed my ability to research a variety
of sources and collate them into arguments for a dissertation. I think that I
have also developed the ability to effectively research which has saved me a
lot of time. I also think I have developed my understanding of synthesis
between theory and practical, and showing my understanding of how they connect.
I have also developed by photography skills via photographing my practical
work.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">2. What approaches to/methods of design production have
you developed and how have they informed your design development process?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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have developed my work from a more theoretical stance. I have also used the
ideas of the theory in my design and production. For instance sustainability
was a theme I looked at within my dissertation, it was also a key concept
within the practical and so I printed on recycled stock as this is more
sustainable and so the three connect. I have also looked into brochure design
more and how they inform and promote housing, as well as brand and I feel that
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">I feel that strength of my dissertation was that I had
researched and read into a lot of sources, I think that this really helped me
have a variety of sources and it also broadened my own knowledge and thoughts.
I think that having an understanding of the theory helped me to link it to my
practical and meant that my practical work had a deeper theoretical connection.
I also feel like my practical design work is strong visually and I enjoyed
designing a brochure type publication, I will capitalise on this by my
experience and developing my own design style and interests. I would also say
that another strength is I gave myself enough time to complete each part of
this module especially the written element I am pleased I began my research in
summer and kept going back to the dissertation, I felt that having it completed
earlier meant that I got feedback which meant that I could keep improving the
written element. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">4. What weaknesses can you identify in your work and how
will you address these in the future?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">I would say that a weakness within this module is the
production of the folder, I feel that this is a lesser quality to the rest of
the materials, this is because, firstly I feel that it is a little bit too big,
a folder wouldn’t need to be a big, I also think it could have been better if
it closed properly with a tab or something similar, and I had to back the
folder onto card, which in hindsight was a little too thick. </span><span style="font-size: 11pt;">I
think I may not have allocated enough time for my practical, all though I don’t
feel overall that I had rushed. I think it may have been useful to have the
work ready for critique from peers, and this may of improved aspects of the
piece.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Attendance- 5</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Punctuality- 5</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Motivation- 4</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Contribution to the Group- 4</span></div>
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Amy Hillhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17229705333818130350noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2448256174762267878.post-59270116011267566692015-01-15T10:00:00.000-08:002015-01-17T11:49:03.171-08:00Design Boards<div class="issuuembed" data-configid="6465895/10959995" style="height: 186px; width: 525px;">
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Design Boards for LILAC, showing the deliverables and the concept.</span></div>
Amy Hillhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17229705333818130350noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2448256174762267878.post-10725298530177630782015-01-15T09:10:00.005-08:002015-01-15T09:10:55.592-08:00Practical Synthesis: Rationale<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Why did I chose LILAC Housing as my practical element to my dissertation ?</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The reasoning behind my choice was the need to include the four themes that related to the idea of being responsible, that I had outlined within my first chapter of my essay/ dissertation. These where according to MacDonald (2002) consumerism, sustainability, global warming and equality. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">LILAC, is a relatively new build of houses in Bramley, Leeds. LILAC stands for Low Impact Living, Affordable, Community and so I felt that these concepts linked really well with the themes that I had used in my essay. Low impact living, is environmentally friendly and sustainable and so this would help me relate to sustainability and global warming. Affordable and community would fit under the category of equality as the financing behind the housing is fair and accessible, community also suggested a variety of people, age, race and sex that all live together. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">And so I decided to brand LILAC as if it was its own housing initiative brand like Redrow etc. I then revolved my practical pieces around deliverables that would be used by the company to promote and inform people about the new housing. This led me to create a folder that would contain a brochure that informs and advertises the housing by describing the way it is sustainable, environmentally friendly and equal, which related to my themes in my essay.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">I also created a CD that would contain LILAC's ethical policy (which can be found on their website) it explains certain companies they will not work with, I felt that this showed that LILAC was a moral company and didn't fit in with the regular companies that run the consumer system, such companies I had shown in my essay, i.e. BP. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">I then created a branded letterhead, that a the business could use to write to customers or residents, and a business card for prospective buyers/ residents that they could refer back to for contact information etc. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">I also printed everything on recycled stock and I tried to use minimal paper to fit in with the sustainable aspect of the housing brand. I think that this would match their company ethos and I felt that it was very appropriate. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>Amy Hillhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17229705333818130350noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2448256174762267878.post-5061836041019815862015-01-14T22:30:00.000-08:002015-01-17T11:49:15.185-08:00Practical Synthesis- Final Products<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">LILAC Housing Cooperative Final Pack</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">(A3 Folder)</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhImc3VR4iy3m30B-7OUw0MOMBV4TPhqsfO-bSz7AiP9t2Tfps4bIgQFNd0Wg1RaSpZ1-nsEbUGq_IpwfrcEo3lEU7VY6sl9gxtpUJlmUTmdIovsQhgmxhiVfmlIBOqzZTtF1370eoF7h0/s1600/IMG_2920.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhImc3VR4iy3m30B-7OUw0MOMBV4TPhqsfO-bSz7AiP9t2Tfps4bIgQFNd0Wg1RaSpZ1-nsEbUGq_IpwfrcEo3lEU7VY6sl9gxtpUJlmUTmdIovsQhgmxhiVfmlIBOqzZTtF1370eoF7h0/s1600/IMG_2920.JPG" height="426" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCgeqI5_xrlpYltP0E8RfL_t6G8wzaHkNiUru7TLMlAbwJzw2Y15I_iuboatCJmDSEQwjhx2aoQTrzt4urp6lufMnzz3U8I2EIza-QNfH-rJOC7DbrqRFlVEaH-cVYXbst-tRDK4aGCHg/s1600/IMG_2922.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCgeqI5_xrlpYltP0E8RfL_t6G8wzaHkNiUru7TLMlAbwJzw2Y15I_iuboatCJmDSEQwjhx2aoQTrzt4urp6lufMnzz3U8I2EIza-QNfH-rJOC7DbrqRFlVEaH-cVYXbst-tRDK4aGCHg/s1600/IMG_2922.JPG" height="426" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">(Inside the Folder) (Information Pack)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Includes: </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Business Card</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Letterhead</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Envelope</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">CD</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Brochure</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">(Additional page- due to printing pagination) (this page states that residents must sign an agreement and participate in communal activities)</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Business Card Front and Back</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">I am really pleased with what I have created, I think that it is appropriate for the purpose, and it shows LILAC well. I also think that the brief shows synthesis with my dissertation especially within the themes I discussed and talking about designing for a good cause. </span>Amy Hillhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17229705333818130350noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2448256174762267878.post-78522310179247438752015-01-14T11:04:00.000-08:002015-01-17T11:39:12.569-08:00Practical Synthesis: Brochure Binding<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">For the brochure I decided that a Japanese bind would be the most appropriate, I felt this because I wanted the brochure to have a sense of formality, a loose sheet publication wouldn't be a appropriate as it could fall apart especially as it is a small format. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">I thought that the bind looks more artisan and fits the LILAC brand. I also wanted to Japanese bind as I haven't previously for a brief. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">As well as this I think that string/ thread is more ethical than staples, and again fits with the brand. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">I had previously practiced this bind earlier in the year in a workshop, it is relatively straight forward, however I did use a youtube tutorial to help me through certain parts. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Practice Bind</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">I cut the pages down, and put them together along the left spine. I then cut down a piece of paper the same width as the book and marked the amount of holes along this so that I could puncture the holes. I used a bulldog clip to hold all the pages together. I stabbed the holes with the needle. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">I had two types of thread to bind with, the first was the white I thought that this may look bit unnatural. And the brown would look more contrasting with the stock. However the brown thread is too thick, and the white is a binding thread. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">And so I used the white thread. And I think that it has a professional aesthetic. </span></div>
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<br />Amy Hillhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17229705333818130350noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2448256174762267878.post-24786989530027838802015-01-13T10:08:00.001-08:002015-01-17T10:23:11.758-08:00Practical Synthesis- LILAC Housing Brochure Design<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">I decided that my main format would be a brochure, this would help me show the synthesis between the practical and the dissertation the most. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">When I began designing the brochure the first page I decided with guidance from Richard Miles to include a foreword which would allow me to include more theoretical ideas and link LILAC to the themes within my essay. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A foreword is usually written by the editor or executive, I found in my research that Paul Chatterton was a named co-founder and had published a book about the experience of LILAC. I looked online and found interviews he had done and I tried to mould some of his words into the foreword to make it sound more personal. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">This is where I found some usual information Paul had talked about:</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">https://www.transitionnetwork.org/blogs/rob-hopkins/2014-10/paul-chatterton-lilac-leeds-co-housing</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i>"LILAC is a fascinating model for a new, more equitable and ecological approach to providing affordable housing, built in response to three keys issues: the financial crisis, the threat of global warming and the breakdown of local community." </i></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">I found this quote online and I felt that it really synthesised with my own themes in my essay. I also added further explanation to this in the foreword, and mentioned sustainability, global warming and equality.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">I started with the word 'welcome' to invite the audience to read. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">I also kept the text the same colour as the LILAC logo as it fits with the lilac branding.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">I wanted to create pages that looked warm and inviting, I went for a minimal clean layout as the modern style matches the buildings and the brand identity I had designed. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">I also drew a signature and added Paul's name at the bottom to add authenticity, it almost acts as a seal of approval. </span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjc7o79GgX-FWzIiHUj9WJqp-zi8ox2k3gE0VTROlWzjvikWyPL6bcAZqVipricbycH9CLH73nso99V4SZizty8fPRYCF0mAMDnIx_Ul8Q5Apt4ixwBJY-Kf0QA9dPTn4R0V9iBwW13wTU/s1600/Screen+Shot+2015-01-13+at+11.57.57.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjc7o79GgX-FWzIiHUj9WJqp-zi8ox2k3gE0VTROlWzjvikWyPL6bcAZqVipricbycH9CLH73nso99V4SZizty8fPRYCF0mAMDnIx_Ul8Q5Apt4ixwBJY-Kf0QA9dPTn4R0V9iBwW13wTU/s1600/Screen+Shot+2015-01-13+at+11.57.57.png" height="286" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">On the next page I answered some key questions, which on the website are quite hidden. For a potential buyer it is important for them to understand the founding principles of LILAC and this page explains this firstly to se the scene. I also added an illustration of one of the housing modules, there is also and photograph of one of the houses which is very warm due to the sun exposure, I also like the fencing and plants, its almost like you are looking in from the outside. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Again the questions synthesise as they explain why they help with issues such as equality, sustainability and global warming.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilMSLsJJ3ET-8O8J8EN-y8yysi_WACahPUopGFtD-ZLAEmZCe8c81tjxzGrPYOcftlwNcSKIwhKV-7ahBGjQX6G5iuxfWQq39w9uzrMre37eq2rGGoiqkKQp2lZL_dKFv7ZTK1EiB9qxg/s1600/Screen+Shot+2015-01-13+at+11.58.07.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilMSLsJJ3ET-8O8J8EN-y8yysi_WACahPUopGFtD-ZLAEmZCe8c81tjxzGrPYOcftlwNcSKIwhKV-7ahBGjQX6G5iuxfWQq39w9uzrMre37eq2rGGoiqkKQp2lZL_dKFv7ZTK1EiB9qxg/s1600/Screen+Shot+2015-01-13+at+11.58.07.png" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">I then went on to explain the letters and concept of LILAC- Low Impact Living, Affordable, Community. I got the information from the lilac website. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The images I used on this page are meant to show off the range of facilities and they give a sense of family each photograph shows something which can be done as a group, i.e. children playing, a decking for outdoor meals, and a communal dinning area.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBGCeD8NMNjVDgSaWaykRaGnCge4Tdg8qY3Fp94LaEbeXjLmkG05_8A546K3SKjOF7EsNW4QCAvLZvOKQQGYtkDEQyfJmd7IaPbjBBZRoHVIWSFb0Wd_QfHVp7m93SyUF5hB_5ot-_bzo/s1600/Screen+Shot+2015-01-13+at+11.58.21.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBGCeD8NMNjVDgSaWaykRaGnCge4Tdg8qY3Fp94LaEbeXjLmkG05_8A546K3SKjOF7EsNW4QCAvLZvOKQQGYtkDEQyfJmd7IaPbjBBZRoHVIWSFb0Wd_QfHVp7m93SyUF5hB_5ot-_bzo/s1600/Screen+Shot+2015-01-13+at+11.58.21.png" height="233" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Another key page is the explanation of ModCell. Which is the main building component of the housing, this again talks about reduction of emissions and sustainability which again shows my own themes. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">One of my favourite spreads is the floor plan page this shows buyers/ visitors what they would expect inside the housing, I think that this also helps as it there isn't really any imagery of the inside of the buildings. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">I took the initial floor plans from the website and drew over them in the simple style that works with the brand. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">I guessed at the 3 and 4 beds and made up a floor plan. Under the name of the plans I added information which suggest how many people should live there. This was to coincide with a point I made in my essay about how people are taking up more space in housing, and lesser number of people are living in a bigger area, and so I suggested how many people would live in one of the houses, and this points to a more sustainable way of living.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLcLGb80uS4eVGyfhyphenhyphenh9MV8DIRM9V_LaPKRX3p2ZmoFvGzdso9qbascJFstgw1n7zS6OVRzAEb2yjSbTQEH9WCoYqE6qgCrN-NyTETf4UyLJ__N9uYzKdufb1kuebWy877JhdIqejpkB0/s1600/Screen+Shot+2015-01-13+at+11.58.54.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLcLGb80uS4eVGyfhyphenhyphenh9MV8DIRM9V_LaPKRX3p2ZmoFvGzdso9qbascJFstgw1n7zS6OVRzAEb2yjSbTQEH9WCoYqE6qgCrN-NyTETf4UyLJ__N9uYzKdufb1kuebWy877JhdIqejpkB0/s1600/Screen+Shot+2015-01-13+at+11.58.54.png" height="240" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">I left my front page until last I was unsure of what I wanted it to look like, however for coherence and brand identity/ recognition, I followed a similar design and layout to the folder cover. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">I felt that there didn't need to be anymore information on the front as it is inside the brochure.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The image again is meant to be inviting and friendly.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqtXTWqHl2P8UjdDrsKVQAvgcCwoXAOEsCBhPrA6gzn400IBJvyBITEs0kElQem3x8uZbLWUOO7NVfH6890UIrzrK8Fmi-cVZW7HRddM3qCm4UN-x45bN0tjeF6zf5fqcqwKROa6luMx0/s1600/Screen+Shot+2015-01-13+at+11.57.37.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqtXTWqHl2P8UjdDrsKVQAvgcCwoXAOEsCBhPrA6gzn400IBJvyBITEs0kElQem3x8uZbLWUOO7NVfH6890UIrzrK8Fmi-cVZW7HRddM3qCm4UN-x45bN0tjeF6zf5fqcqwKROa6luMx0/s1600/Screen+Shot+2015-01-13+at+11.57.37.png" height="232" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The brochure is coherent, the layout is clean and minimal, it is modern and matches the brand and the concept. I like that there is no black typography, it looks different and it also appears light and inviting.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">PDF Version of the brochure for LILAC housing.</span></div>
Amy Hillhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17229705333818130350noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2448256174762267878.post-66641503638197857262015-01-13T04:44:00.002-08:002015-01-13T04:44:25.609-08:00Practical Synthesis: LILAC Logo Development<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The previous logo I felt was over complicated, the bright purple is too harsh and the buildings don't reflect the buildings of the cooperative itself. </span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOHlq9M37ATWFqet4BOqjTiJ2yAt8u6QTFHzZeBF4fgu3sGHEeuKNGKaKXnh7laUMU9m3kRmfDsSQHuY5vC3Yu4xIUGw9xjwSnePrbCy5lxDqjBw4nFhcCBeHC-_5n3pyXy48PWpjMlcU/s1600/lilac_purple_logo.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOHlq9M37ATWFqet4BOqjTiJ2yAt8u6QTFHzZeBF4fgu3sGHEeuKNGKaKXnh7laUMU9m3kRmfDsSQHuY5vC3Yu4xIUGw9xjwSnePrbCy5lxDqjBw4nFhcCBeHC-_5n3pyXy48PWpjMlcU/s1600/lilac_purple_logo.jpeg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">I felt that the logo needed to be simplified, and it needed to look more modern to suit the modern technology of the house, and its modern concept. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">I also think that the explanation of LILAC doesn't need to be included in the logo, as it is too lengthy and once you know what it is you don't need to see it every time. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The colour is to vibrant, it looks un-natural and its dark which again doesn't give a natural feel which is what LILAC is about, natural, sustainable and environmentally friendly.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">From my research into house/estate branding companies I decided that I wanted to use a bold sans-serif font, that appears to be wider than taller, I wanted to create a sense of open and modern. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">I couldn't decide which font to choose and so I changed the type to the colour lilac I had selected and this made it clearer. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The serif font that I had tried for difference can't be seen properly in this colour. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">I also felt that full uppercase is more appropriate, and looks more formal, its more fitting as buying a house is a big commitment and it is quite a formal process, yet I still wanted to maintain a feeling of friendliness.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">I then began to look into an icon that I could use along side the name and on its own, and maybe even as parts of icons. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">When I looked at the word 'lilac' the flower Lilacs, came up, they are made up of four facing petals and this is what I started with. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">I thought back to the main concepts of LILAC and the main themes in my essay, I thought about sustainability, and was reminded that LILAC housing has solar panels, which like the buildings are also square, when I searched this term this image of a solar panel appeared and I really liked the pattern that appeared, I started experimenting with this a shape for my own logo. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">I initially drew out four rounded squares on illustrator in a square formation, but I felt that the square was too obvious and didn't resemble something natural and so I rotated the shape into a diamond, this reminded me more of the Lilac flower I had first drawn. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">In the first shape I added more smaller squares to resemble leaves. However I felt that this was too complicated.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">I tried the squares in an outline style too, I wasn't sure which I preferred, I did feel that an outline appearance would match the type more. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">I also made the edges more sharp/ straight to make it a little more obvious that is was a square. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">I also made the outline thicker, but I think that this made the shape look heavy, the top shape looks more open and inviting. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">I decided upon this as my final logo. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">I used the grid and rulers to align the icon to the centre and it is just a bit bigger than the counter of the C. </span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRUHQbz9VwOIrY_P4HAO07BuiGaQp-au1eH5bxedj7vmGh0YH0A98DqIpBY5eYkCaV-1jlgAbEZrFbJTbjKthqMDBJVzX1b1p0BHp48_RPiDzbcowtNpa9AUAIpiG6h1QqTZSXPxFxHVk/s1600/Screen+Shot+2015-01-05+at+16.37.58.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRUHQbz9VwOIrY_P4HAO07BuiGaQp-au1eH5bxedj7vmGh0YH0A98DqIpBY5eYkCaV-1jlgAbEZrFbJTbjKthqMDBJVzX1b1p0BHp48_RPiDzbcowtNpa9AUAIpiG6h1QqTZSXPxFxHVk/s1600/Screen+Shot+2015-01-05+at+16.37.58.png" height="197" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The final logo as opposed to the original is a lighter purple- lilac, the colour I feel is lighter this is due to the tone of the purple being closer to white rather than black like before, and it is softer which makes it appear more friendly, and natural. The type is bold but not abrasive, the logo is still formal but not overly authoritative, and the capitilazation of the letters suggest they are equally important and that they are an acronym. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The logo mark has a feeling of joining together, the squares within squares are representative of the housing and the site of LILAC itself. The open square in the middle again gives a sense of space and openness. Personally I feel that the mark could look like a minimal representation of a flower head, a wind mill and as the original inspiration solar panel marks, which all suggest environment and sustainability. </span></div>
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Amy Hillhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17229705333818130350noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2448256174762267878.post-14653296341336343922015-01-12T11:38:00.000-08:002015-01-17T11:38:56.001-08:00Practical Synthesis: Housing/ Estate Branding Research<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKKc2q5L7t7H2znNpksx6wTze8iTnmHafKPLCX6o_rXcLNmnqWtE9sldIB5MriwfazzskT2540YYmUWVIhBfC3VsFLO5YC0frIqTM4Q3fNuI_1HtR5549IBO1G2tzNj4SUPFeEhjF7_pk/s1600/Screen+Shot+2015-01-05+at+11.55.44.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKKc2q5L7t7H2znNpksx6wTze8iTnmHafKPLCX6o_rXcLNmnqWtE9sldIB5MriwfazzskT2540YYmUWVIhBfC3VsFLO5YC0frIqTM4Q3fNuI_1HtR5549IBO1G2tzNj4SUPFeEhjF7_pk/s1600/Screen+Shot+2015-01-05+at+11.55.44.png" height="243" width="320" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">https://www.behance.net/gallery/11917527/Red-Room</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">I like the branding of this work, its modern and simple, it's very clean and I think that this is something I would like to reflect in my own branding for LILAC. I also like the use of the house shape, however the houses of LILAC aren't traditional and so this would not be applicable.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgn4Y3ssHxWqiCWVDmuBMT4c6ATUZjs6qjSacRmv39nNTLDlGTq_AI7AWltKcSKBL3f7L4g4RagLo-6mrCvWuOaHwX1CuRuOBIk6KVDgWMGswZwMO3RC3QamWYQoSf5WlQCzSZHXOZv4ac/s1600/ab79c56164978ce41866be985e927088.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgn4Y3ssHxWqiCWVDmuBMT4c6ATUZjs6qjSacRmv39nNTLDlGTq_AI7AWltKcSKBL3f7L4g4RagLo-6mrCvWuOaHwX1CuRuOBIk6KVDgWMGswZwMO3RC3QamWYQoSf5WlQCzSZHXOZv4ac/s1600/ab79c56164978ce41866be985e927088.jpg" height="216" width="320" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8kh2255u2lVjoE6EqnpCCCtkHVKWN78d1_UVbZ8TakyQX6nCY77wMFZna-KMM9ffw04_Kn-7W3cwRro-Ht8GteaI8SinllPAsW-7DrWXWaYrVgly6xzOGA2b_b7Qtfw1HCZLfmFxBGeg/s1600/acf58f5ac18a341747e1207dd6a367fa.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8kh2255u2lVjoE6EqnpCCCtkHVKWN78d1_UVbZ8TakyQX6nCY77wMFZna-KMM9ffw04_Kn-7W3cwRro-Ht8GteaI8SinllPAsW-7DrWXWaYrVgly6xzOGA2b_b7Qtfw1HCZLfmFxBGeg/s1600/acf58f5ac18a341747e1207dd6a367fa.jpg" height="320" width="320" /></a></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px; text-align: start;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">https://www.behance.net/gallery/16592237/Nord-Domos</span></span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Again this branding is very minimal and clean, I especially like the top logo, with the trees they give a sense of connectivity and nature, the typeface works really well, as does the colour scheme with is black white and forest green. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The icons are also really appealing they give visual clues and interest to the folder, which is also a format I could consider using for my piece. </span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWyCX8iRjUb8dlNlvd3VhW353u07KtFNuC4q6Fw4Oda2Bld7_173LdCGu25oqrm6vLG6VSURUfdDDWHd_00MjNlE-Q3sAmim16koFXMLyLJrMqgdXj-B1QBrMpbW2PqfErp9F_9l0l7qY/s1600/04045c4ac8e3d5fed4fcc2b9f4eadc96.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWyCX8iRjUb8dlNlvd3VhW353u07KtFNuC4q6Fw4Oda2Bld7_173LdCGu25oqrm6vLG6VSURUfdDDWHd_00MjNlE-Q3sAmim16koFXMLyLJrMqgdXj-B1QBrMpbW2PqfErp9F_9l0l7qY/s1600/04045c4ac8e3d5fed4fcc2b9f4eadc96.jpg" height="213" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">https://www.behance.net/gallery/3638127/Yasnaya-Polyana-residential-complex</td></tr>
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<br />From this work I really liked how the shape created another shape which created another etc, I felt that this looked really interesting, and I am wondering whether I could incorporate this idea into my own work, by creating a shape for the brand and then building on that shape for icons or something similar. However in this piece I felt that the designer didn't focus on this and they used the end shape for the logo- which is a little confusing as it was unclear as to what the final logo was. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Although I can also see that they too have used a folder, and a letterhead and I think that these are things I should really consider for my branding and promotion of LILAC. </span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2txbgByk7AdSLhf3s8xX1M5lR1QqCjt2T_Yfn_xI0yBAJutuLzFAYDxTkaPqZKX31BWy3i8lGwaCLMS5uaryGJ7_CQ-QI6RuG5CXWygSCV7kbj71EZ3TtjnVI_t_5Aekl6PePXf1_7H4/s1600/086a2ddc0a50d34a09e6c2b159fba333.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2txbgByk7AdSLhf3s8xX1M5lR1QqCjt2T_Yfn_xI0yBAJutuLzFAYDxTkaPqZKX31BWy3i8lGwaCLMS5uaryGJ7_CQ-QI6RuG5CXWygSCV7kbj71EZ3TtjnVI_t_5Aekl6PePXf1_7H4/s1600/086a2ddc0a50d34a09e6c2b159fba333.jpg" height="640" width="194" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">https://www.behance.net/gallery/10137299/Garcia-Properties-LLC</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Again more minimal branding, the colour scheme works well, and the logo can be just an image or type and image which I think is appropriate, they too have used icons to represent aspects of service and I think that they can be really helpful, and interesting. </span></div>
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Amy Hillhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17229705333818130350noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2448256174762267878.post-4690576605281067362015-01-10T11:24:00.000-08:002015-01-17T11:05:28.098-08:00Practical Synthesis: LILAC Housing Cooperative<h3 style="line-height: 1.2306; margin: 0.98448em 0px 0.49224em; padding: 0px;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; font-weight: normal;">(Official website </span><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; font-weight: normal;">http://www.lilac.coop)</span></h3>
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<span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.2306;">Our Mission</span></h3>
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<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">We are <span class="caps" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span class="caps" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">LILAC</span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="caps" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">LILAC</span> stands fo<span style="background-color: white;">r<b> L</b>ow <b>I</b>mpact <b>L</b>iving<b> A</b>ffordable <b>C</b>ommunity</span>. We are a pioneering, low-carbon, permanently affordable, sustainable mixed urban housing community of 20 homes in West Leeds. Whilst most British cohousing has been relatively sustainable, socially and ecologically, we also hope to set new standards for affordablilty.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Low Impact Living</span><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />Design features, some shared living and individual commitments will ensure we reduce energy and resource use – save money. In the main we are using natural building materials and harnessing renewable technologies as we work towards zero carbon design and energy use.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Affordable</span><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />We are a new and unique financial and legal entity called a Mutual Home Ownership Society (<span class="caps" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">MHOS</span>). This involves member residents paying 35% of their monthly income towards their equity share. On leaving residents get an out-payment linked to national wage changes rather than the housing market fluctuations. The cost of building has been reduced by using the cheap material of straw. Homes will not be quite so big as some necessities will be shared in the Common House. All of these measure will help make sure that moving to – and living in – <span class="caps" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">LILAC</span> should always be affordable.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Community</span><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />The design foster conviviality and community interaction by using the cohousing concept that mixes private dwelling space and shared facilities. The Common House includes shared cooking and eating facilities, meeting space and play area. The design creates a beautiful living space which maximises as appropriate green spaces, areas for food production and social interaction.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">http://www.cohousing.org.uk/lilac-low-impact-living-affordable-community</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 24px;">35 adults and 10 children that has been up and running for 18 months after around six years of planning and construction. Its 20 individual, private housing units are grouped around a communal garden and courtyard, with shared facilities such as a laundry room, workshop, allotments and bike sheds. Central is a common house where residents meet, cook and eat together twice a week, hold parties, collect their mail, host local groups and collectively govern their little community</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; line-height: 24px;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Co-housing originated in Denmark in the mid-1970s, and swiftly became established in Scandinavia, Germany and the US. A few co-housing communities have emerged in the UK over recent years, and the idea is now rapidly gaining momentum with more than 60 projects in the pipeline.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; line-height: 24px;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">“The design principles encourage social interaction,” she says. Co-housing is attractive to single people, especially in older age groups, who want to live neither in isolation nor in conventional senior housing, and to families looking for supportive environments in which to raise children and juggle work commitments. All groups and communities have a strong desire to collectively reduce their environmental footprint.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; line-height: 24px;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">According to Stephen Hill, director of C2O futureplanners, co-housing projects are part of the building blocks of cities of the future. “We’ve lost the plot of how people want to live and how to adapt to social and environmental change. The accepted thinking is that we don’t really live in neighbourhoods any more. But actually people are desperate to feel they live in a place where they can relate to others, in a naturally protective environment that enables people to be more active citizens.”</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; line-height: 24px;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">In Leeds, the community is founded on sustainability and affordability. Lilac (an acronym of low-impact living affordable community) is built on the site of a former school in an unfashionable area of the city. Its buildings, constructed from timber, straw insulation and lime, communal gardens and shared facilities are in stark contrast to the surrounding rows of terraces and semis, but Lilac is keen to extend the hand of friendship, offering its neighbours several allotments, a “pocket park” and a meeting space for community groups.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 24px;">(Who?)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The age of Lilac’s members runs from<span style="background-color: white;"> early 20s to over 80, </span>and the housing units range from one-bedroom flats to four-bedroom houses. The 20 households share five washing machines in a communal laundry room and dozens of bikes, and between them own 10 cars – much lower than the 2011 national average of 1.2 cars per household – which are parked on the site’s periphery.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">All the homes face into the gardens, though each has a small area of private outside space. A large decked terrace overhangs a pond which acts as a drainage system. Solar panels keep power costs at a minimum and provide a modest income which is used to fund the common house. Members cook a communal meal there twice a week; attendance is voluntary.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Lilac has a complicated ownership structure. All members buy shares in a mutual company which owns the site and properties, initially paying the equivalent of 10% of the value of their property. Thereafter they contribute 35% of their income, accruing more shares. If they want to leave Lilac, they sell the shares they own. All members are required to have some income.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">http://www.theguardian.com/cities/2014/nov/21/how-to-create-happy-communities-through-co-housing</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">http://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2014/apr/18/top-10-eco-homes-lilac</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The architects</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://www.white-design.com/architecture/all-projects/lilac/</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Current Site Plan</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBPnSyPIWMvPx7XuKdt1u3R5NYvPTAzmmCEpJZVGwGc-mTvn8JiybuJD5W6X6PBmXqaqsSTAd0pF15iNhRg_KMQsEmT8iSnS9tzbatilNNij2KN9OPCjnAoAINFq7Ey5zK6tJurwytH-Q/s1600/siteplan-aug-2011.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBPnSyPIWMvPx7XuKdt1u3R5NYvPTAzmmCEpJZVGwGc-mTvn8JiybuJD5W6X6PBmXqaqsSTAd0pF15iNhRg_KMQsEmT8iSnS9tzbatilNNij2KN9OPCjnAoAINFq7Ey5zK6tJurwytH-Q/s1600/siteplan-aug-2011.jpg" height="562" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Typical Floor Plan 1 and 2 Bed Flats</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">In total there are six 1-bed, six 2-bed, six 3-bed and two 4-bed houses.<span style="background-color: white;"> </span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Main Sustainable Building Material </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">http://www.modcell.com</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">ModCell<sup>®</sup> is one of the first products to make large-scale, carbon-negative building a commercial reality.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The ModCell<sup>®</sup> system utilises the excellent thermal insulation qualities of straw bale construction to form prefabricated panels, made in a local Flying Factory™.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">ModCell<sup>®</sup> allows super-insulated, high-performance, low energy ‘passive’ buildings to be built using renewable, locally sourced, carbon sequestering materials that include straw bale and hemp to create a less than zero carbon construction system<span style="color: #404040;">.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">This innovative, offsite-manufactured wall and roof cladding system can be quickly and efficiently installed, creating buildings with thermal performance up to three times higher than the current building regulations require. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">This super-insulated system, combined with our airtight details, means that buildings constructed using ModCell<sup>®</sup> panels meet the demanding PassivHaus specification. As a result, ModCell<sup>®</sup> buildings can have zero heat requirements, saving money and CO2 emissions.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Where is LILAC ?</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Bramley, Leeds (Kirkstall Mount) (Lilac Grove)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://www.lilac.coop/about-lilac/about-the-area.html</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The area itself is quite local to me and so I know where about the cooperative is and what is around it as I have lived nearby for years. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">I think that as a prospective buyer, who isn't from the area, it is good to know what is near and I think that this is would make a good addition to any house information from LILAC.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 24px;">LILAC is Award Winning- </span>http://www.lilac.coop/other-info/awards.html</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">(Why?)</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">What is an Ecovillage?<br /><br /><span style="background-color: white;">Ecovillages are urban or rural communities of people, who strive to integrate a supportive social environment with a low-impact way of life. To achieve this, they integrate various aspects of ecological design, permaculture, ecological building, green production, alternative energy, community building practices, and much more.</span><br /><br /><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=2448256174762267878" name="cohousing" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></a>What is Co housing?<br /><br /><span style="background-color: white;">Cohousing is a way of living which brings individuals and families together in groups to share common aims and activities while also enjoying their own self-contained accommodation and personal space. The main features are that they are run by their members, committed to living as a community, designed to encourage social contact and include common space. Co-housing balances people's need for privacy with their desire to live in a more community-focussed way.</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">What is an MHOS (Mutual Home Ownership Scheme)?</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Instead of residents owning an individual property, the homes and land are owned by a Mutual Home Ownership Society (MHOS). </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The MHOS is registered as a co-operative controlled by its members. Its members are the residents who live in the homes it provides. Each member or group of members has lease which gives the right to occupy a specified house or flat owned by the MHOS. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Members of the MHOS have been involved in the build and design of their homes, and democratically control the housing community in which they live. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The cost of building the homes owned by the MHOS, has been financed by a mortgage loan from Triodos, the charity bank.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Under the terms of their lease, each member makes monthly payments to the MHOS which pays the interest and capital to the bank, and covers a deduction for management, maintenance, insurance and service costs (such as cleaning, lighting of common parts, and grounds maintenance)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The cost of buying the land and building the homes owned by the MHOS and financed by the mortgage is divided into EQUITY SHARES. Each equity share, which has a face value of £1,000 on the date on which it is issued, is owned by a member and financed by the payments members make each month. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The number of shares owned by each member depends on what they can afford and the build cost of their home. The more they earn the more equity shares they can afford to finance. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">As their income rises they can buy more equity shares. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">If their income falls, rather than lose their home, they can sell equity shares if there is a willing buyer or, in specified circumstances such as loss of employment or disability, convert to a standard rental tenancy. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">To ensure sustainability of the project the value of the equity shares owned by a household must not differ more then + or – 10% of the build cost. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">If affordable payments (set at around 35% of net income) are above the amount required to finance equity shares of the value of the build cost + 10% the remainder will go into the contingency and future fund called the Lilac Equity Fund. Contributions to the LEF are capped at 1.5% of the total share allocation.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The MHOS is controlled by its members who live in the homes it owns. They elect the Board of Directors which controls the day to day management of the MHOS within the remit set by members in general meeting.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">If a member moves out and sell their shares before they have lived in the MHOS for three years they will only be able to sell them at their original value (or a lower value if their value, calculated in accordance with the valuation formula, has fallen). </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">For members who leave after three years the value of the equity shares will principally be driven by references to increases (or decreases) in national average eearnings. Exiting members will get the value of their original shares plus interest at 75% of the increase (or decrease) in average income. The MHOS retains the other 25% of the increase (or decrease) to fund the replacement of kitchens, solar panels etc as and when required. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Like any other person taking on a loan and repayment obligation the MHOS will need to carry out a credit check and personal financial assessment to ensure that potential members are able to repay the mortgage debt servicing obligations they are taking on. The MHOS also requires members to have advice from an independent financial advisor to ensure that they understand the financial obligations and risks they are taking on.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The initial lease is granted for a fixed term of 20 years. This gives members a legal interest in their home and the equity shares they own that can be registered with the Land Registry. Longer leases are not possible as a longer fixed term lease would mean members would be able to buy the home and the land it is built on outright (this is called leasehold enfranchisement). That would mean that it will go into the open market and not be affordable for future generations. This would defeat a key purpose of setting up this MHOS scheme which, as well as giving members an affordable investment in the housing market, is to ensure that the homes in it remain affordable for future generations.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The lease gives members the right to remain in their homes after the initial 20 year term for as long as they want to do so. The right of occupation granted by the lease is legally secure under the terms of the lease contract and cannot be ended other than through a breach of the lease by the member or by a failure of your Mutual Home Ownership Society to meet its obligations to pay its mortgage. Ultimately, if the Mutual Home Ownership Society fails to meet its financial obligations there is a risk that members may lose their home.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The finances of the MHOS are structured to maintain reserves to avoid any risk of repayment default. A financial intermediary, the Co-operative Housing Finance Society Ltd (CHFS), will provide the bank and any other long term investors with a 12 month interest guarantee as security against default. CHFS has been in operation since 1997 and has a track record of monitoring default risk. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Members can move between properties in the scheme as they become available and as their housing needs change as long as all the equity shares can be financed by incoming members.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Under the terms of the lease members are responsible for all internal and non structural repairs including any heating appliances, kitchens, bathrooms and other services inside your home The MHOS will be responsible for structural repairs and for the maintenance of the exterior of the houses.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Members will need to pay a minimum deposit equal to 10% of the equity shares they can afford to finance through their monthly payments. It is important that members make a positive personal financial commitment to become a part of the MHOS.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">It is affordable because: </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">• ‘rental’ charges are geared to 35% of net household income </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">• members secure a ‘foothold’ on the housing ladder at lower household incomes </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">• members can buy more shares as their income rises </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">• transaction costs on buying into and leaving are reduced because homes are not bought and sold </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">• the linkage - to average earnings - helps reduce risk and retain affordability </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">• it remains affordable from one generation of occupants to the next </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">It is sustainable because: </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">• the housing remains permanently affordable for the benefit of the local community </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">• the benefits are recycled from one generation of occupants to the next </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">• it is easier to finance environmentally sustainable housing </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">• it encourages active citizenship and community engagement on multiple levels</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">What commitment do I need to give?<br /><br />We ask all members to be an active participant in our community, joining a task team, participating in shared work days and meetings, and keeping up to date with emails and notices. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ethical Policy </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://www.lilac.coop/home/72.html</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The information provided on the ethical policy of the LILAC housing cooperative suggests that they will not accept benefit from any company deemed to be unethical, which links into what I have been researching in my own studies for my dissertation, my case studies where based upon some companies that would be deemed as unfit by LILAC and so it could be said that LILAC have a very ethical/moral stance upon business and money and it suggests that they don't operate under a consumer system that accepts any business. </span></div>
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Amy Hillhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17229705333818130350noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2448256174762267878.post-19477612970428529292015-01-05T03:54:00.004-08:002015-01-13T03:54:13.338-08:00Practical Synthesis: LILAC Visit<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Yesterday I went to see the LILAC cooperative housing, I wanted to see it for myself and see whether it looked like it worked or not. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">I found it strange to see buildings like this amongst usual brick housing, but it appears to fit in with the surroundings as the buildings are almost tucked away you only notice them when you are right outside, as well as this in my opinion they aren't ugly either.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">As you walk in from one of the entrances you can see the centre of the cooperative already, you can see that there is a lot of space, and it looks quite natural. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">To the right of this photo you can see the communal decking area which is over a pond, I think that this is the focal and communities centre, it again appears very natural and green.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A bike shed as mentioned in the website, keeps the bikes neatly tucked away and safe. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Although it was winter you could see that there was a lot of gardening and growth, you could also see the labels on the plants and this showed that they had been growing vegetables etc, it also meant that the system must be working. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Entrance to a community area, with a noticeboard inside- in which I could see a rota for residents tasks.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The addresses, Lilac Grove 1-20, the whole complex is surrounded by a brick wall and iron fence, which remains from the previous building which was a primary school, I did feel that the iron should of been repainted as it is too contrasting against the green and brown of the buildings and land inside. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">It's also apparent that the houses, with their big windows get a lot of light when the sun shines, you can't see inside the houses from the road either, which is good for residents privacy.</span><br />
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Amy Hillhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17229705333818130350noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2448256174762267878.post-714894900365552232014-11-10T10:53:00.000-08:002015-01-13T03:54:13.392-08:00Consumerism <span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="color: #252525; line-height: 22px;">Consumerism</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; line-height: 22px;"> is a social and economic order and ideology that encourages the acquisition of goods and services in ever-greater amounts</span></b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 22px;">The </span><span style="line-height: 22px;">Industrial Revolution</span><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 22px;"> dramatically increased the availability of consumer goods, although it was still primarily focused on the capital goods sector and industrial infrastructure (i.e., mining, steel, oil, transportation networks, communications networks, industrial cities, financial centers, etc.).</span><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 22px;"> The advent of the </span><span style="line-height: 22px;">department store</span><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 22px;"> represented a paradigm shift in the experience of shopping. For the first time, customers could buy an astonishing variety of goods, all in one place, and shopping became a popular leisure activity. While previously the norm had been the scarcity of resources, the </span><span style="line-height: 22px;">Industrial era</span><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 22px;"> created an unprecedented economic situation. For the first time in history products were available in outstanding quantities, at outstandingly low prices, being thus available to virtually everyone in the industrialized West.</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 22px;">By the turn of the 20th century the average worker in </span><span style="line-height: 22px;">Western Europe</span><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 22px;"> or the </span><span style="line-height: 22px;">United States</span><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 22px;"> still spent approximately 80-90% of his income on food and other necessities. What was needed to propel consumerism proper, was a system of mass production and consumption, exemplified in </span><span style="line-height: 22px;">Henry Ford</span><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 22px;">, the American </span><span style="line-height: 22px;">car</span><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 22px;"> manufacturer. After observing the assembly lines in the meat packing industry, </span><span style="line-height: 22px;">Frederick Winslow Taylor</span><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 22px;"> brought his theory of </span><span style="line-height: 22px;">scientific management</span><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 22px;"> to the organization of the assembly line in other industries; this unleashed incredible productivity and reduced the costs of all commodities produced on assembly lines.</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 22px;">Madeline Levine criticized what she saw as a large change in American culture – "a shift away from values of </span><span style="line-height: 22px;">community</span><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 22px;">, </span><span style="line-height: 22px;">spirituality</span><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 22px;">, and integrity, and toward competition, materialism and disconnection."</span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #252525; line-height: 20px;">Levine, Madeline. "Challenging the Culture of Affluence"</span><span style="color: #252525; line-height: 20px;">. Independent School. 67.1 (2007): 28-36.</span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 22px;">Businesses have realized that wealthy consumers are the most attractive targets of marketing. The upper class's tastes, lifestyles, and preferences trickle down to become the standard for all consumers. The not so wealthy consumers can "purchase something new that will speak of their place in the tradition of affluence".</span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="line-height: 13px; white-space: nowrap;"> </span></span><span style="line-height: 22px;">A consumer can have the instant gratification of purchasing an expensive item to improve social status.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Emulation is also a core component of 21st century consumerism. As a general trend, regular consumers seek to emulate those who are above them in the social hierarchy. The poor strive to imitate the wealthy and the wealthy imitate celebrities and other icons. The celebrity endorsement of products can be seen as evidence of the desire of modern consumers to purchase products partly or solely to emulate people of higher social status. This purchasing behavior may co-exist in the mind of a consumer with an image of oneself as being an individualist.</span><br />
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<b><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Capitalism </span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif;">is an </span><span style="font-family: sans-serif;">economic system</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif;"> in which trade, industry, and the </span><span style="font-family: sans-serif;">means of production</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif;"> are largely or entirely privately owned and operated for </span><span style="font-family: sans-serif;">profit</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif;">.</span></b><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white;"> Central characteristics of capitalism include </span>capital accumulation<span style="background-color: white;">, </span>competitive markets<span style="background-color: white;"> and </span>wage labour<span style="background-color: white;">.</span><span style="background-color: white;"> In a capitalist economy, the parties to a transaction typically determine the prices at which assets, goods, and services are </span>exchanged<span style="background-color: white;">.</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white;">Capitalism was carried across the world by broader processes of </span>globalization<span style="background-color: white;"> such as </span>imperialism<span style="background-color: white;"> and, by the end of the nineteenth century, became the dominant </span>global<span style="background-color: white;"> economic system, in turn intensifying processes of economic and other globalization.</span><span style="background-color: white;"> Later, in the 20th century, capitalism overcame a challenge by </span>centrally-planned economies<span style="background-color: white;"> and is now </span>the<span style="background-color: white;"> encompassing system worldwide,</span><span style="background-color: white;"> with the </span>mixed economy<span style="background-color: white;"> being its dominant form in the industrialized Western world.</span></span><br />
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Amy Hillhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17229705333818130350noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2448256174762267878.post-29533309910803435652014-10-28T07:57:00.002-07:002015-01-13T03:54:13.347-08:00CoP Tutorial 1<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">First tutorial 28/10/14</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">I went to the tutorial with a lot of my stuff I had been looking into and brief ideas I had about my title and the chapters, what I would need to look into, as well as my research on my blog and some I had collected. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">I spoke briefly about my topic after being briefly confused about whether I needed to or could focus down after it had been mentioned in my CoP Presentation. And so we discussed the initial idea of socially responsible graphic design. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">We then defined that I didn't need to focus on one area of design as it would be to focussed and looking into 3 case studies would give me a spectrum of the subject. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Defined question: Is socially responsible design always/automatically good design ?</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Intro- 500/700 words</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">1. Broad Chapter 2000 words, looking into mass consumerism and social responsibility </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> (focusing on four key themes I had found previously in my </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> research)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">2. Close Reading of First Things First 2000words, looking into the social responsibility of </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> the graphic designer (Tibor Kalman, critics of FTF)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">3. Look into 3 Case Studies 4000words of work that has attempted to be socially </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> responsible but have </span><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">somehow failed </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> 3.1 First Study 1300 words</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> 3.2 Second Study 1300 words</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> 3.3 Third Study 1300 words</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Conclusion 1000 words (about)(lengthy) How it is impossible to achieve fully.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">By the week commencing 17th November have the first two chapters drafted for the next tutorial. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">I feel a lot more confident about this and I think that I should be able to achieve this by this point. </span><br />
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<img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiomv_Esr9gJncvJqJvqn9kqhWpGhx3ZYdqTmWmPpMdr89YJZNVl-fF7ErdkVQxgb-igDvdkFuj9m4vVUHtzf5hXoAq44bWCbqcTamKCTc1Rn2b-NE33JcDCVre4aaE9vEcrc3nNShXdAY/s1600/IMG_5217.jpg" height="400" width="300" /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>Amy Hillhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17229705333818130350noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2448256174762267878.post-67182837319509728642014-10-27T13:03:00.001-07:002015-01-13T03:54:13.388-08:00The Science of Gossip Ted Talks<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oFDWOXV6iEM</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">An interesting take upon gossip, </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">how its shows what our society accepts and our norms, what implications it has for the future, where it originated (hieroglyphics the first written letters)</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">It is the search of answering questions of society- according to Elaine Lui</span>Amy Hillhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17229705333818130350noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2448256174762267878.post-19176740969199614312014-10-27T12:07:00.002-07:002015-01-13T03:54:13.333-08:00Tibor Kalman<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Tibor Kalman</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">1949-1999</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">-http://www.aiga.org/medalist-tiborkalman/</span><br />
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In the mid-1980s two names changed graphic design: Macintosh and Tibor. The former needs no introduction. Nor, with various books and articles by and about him, does the latter. Tibor Kalman, who died on May 2, 1999, after a long, courageous battle with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, was one of the few graphic designers whose accomplishments were legend within the field and widely known outside as well. Tibor may not be as influential on the daily practice of graphic design as the Mac, but his sway over how designers think—indeed, how they define their roles in culture and society—is indisputable. For a decade he was the design profession's moral compass and its most fervent provocateur.</div>
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I first saw Tibor in the 1980s when, as master of ceremonies of the annual AIGA New York “Fresh Dialogues” evening, he transformed the navel-gazing event into a cultural circus. He assembled a cast of a dozen relative unknowns and a few prematurely forgottens to enlighten and entertain, each through five minute offerings about the overall visual culture, rather than their own design work. Though at times it was reminiscent of an elementary school show-and-tell, most of the presentations shed light on generally ignored issues of environmental waste, the virtues of unsophisticated design, and the divisions between Modernism and postmodernism. Some were funny, others serious—together they were truly fresh dialogues.</div>
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Tibor was a tough ringmaster. If any speaker went thirty seconds beyond his or her allotted time (or if Tibor felt that the talk was unbearably dull) the amplified sound of barking dogs would pierce the presenter's soliloquy, signaling the end of the segment. In addition, Tibor introduced quirky short films, an unexpected pizza delivery (by a nonplussed delivery boy), and souvenir handouts (designed by a job printer and reproduced at QuickCopy) that showed design at its most rudimentary, yet communicative. As a new twist on the old ventriloquist's dummy, Tibor's onstage straight man was a Mac Classic with a happy face that quipped at programmed intervals. This was the first of many public salvos against the status quo. It was also vintage Tibor.</div>
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Not since the height of American Modernism during the late 1940s and 1950s had one designer prodded other designers to take responsibility for their work as designer-citizens. With a keen instinct for public relations, a penchant for Barnum-like antics, and a radical consciousness from his days as an organizer for SDS (Students for a Democratic Society), Tibor had, by the late 1980s, become known as (or maybe he even dubbed himself) the “bad boy” of graphic design.</div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">When the clothing company Esprit, which had prided itself as being socially liberal and environmentally friendly, was awarded the 1986 AlGA Design Leadership award, an irate Tibor anonymously distributed leaflets during the awards ceremony at the AlGA National Design Conference in San Francisco protesting the company's exploitation of Asian laborers. </span><span style="background-color: cyan;">Tibor believed that award-winning design was not separate from the entire corporate ethic and argued that “many bad companies have great design.” In 1989, as co-chair with Milton Glaser of the AlGA's “Dangerous Ideas” conference in San Antonio, he urged designers to question the effects of their work on the environment and refuse to accept any client's product at face value.</span><span style="background-color: white;"> As an object lesson and act of hubris, he challenged designer Joe Duffy to an impromptu debate about a full-page advertisement that he and his then partner, British corporate designer Michael Peters, had placed in the </span><em style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Wall Street Journal</em><span style="background-color: white;"> promoting their services to Fortune 500 corporations. While most designers admired this self-promotional effort, Tibor insisted that the ad perpetuated mediocrity and was an example of selling out to corporate capitalism. This outburst was the first, but not the last, in which Tibor criticized another designer in public for perceived misdeeds. By the early 1990s, Tibor also had written (or collaborated with others in writing) numerous finger-wagging manifestos that exposed the pitfalls of what he sarcastically called “professional” design.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: cyan;">Tibor saw himself as a social activist for whom graphic design was a means of achieving two ends: good design and social responsibility. Good design, which he defined as “unexpected and untried,” added more interest, and was thus a benefit, to everyday life. Second, since graphic design is mass communication, Tibor believed it should be used to increase public awareness of a variety of social issues.</span><span style="background-color: white;"> His own design firm, M&Co (named after his wife and co-creator, Maira), which started in 1979 selling conventional “design by the pound” to banks and department stores, was transformed in the mid-1980s into a soapbox for his social mission.</span></div>
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He urged clients like Restaurant FIorent to use the advertising M&Co created for them to promote political or social messages. He devoted M&Co's seasonal self-promotional gifts to advocate support for the homeless. One Christmas he sent over 300 clients and colleagues a small cardboard box filled with the typical Spartan contents of a homeless-shelter meal (a sandwich, crackers, candy bar, etc.) and offered to match any donations that the recipients made to an agency for the homeless. The following year he sent a book peppered with facts about poverty along with twenty dollars and a stamped envelope addressed to another charity.<br />
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<span style="background-color: cyan;">Tibor was criticized for using the issue of homelessness as a public relations ploy to garner attention for M&Co. And indeed he was a master at piquing public interest in just this way. But he was also sincere</span><span style="background-color: white;">. Perhaps the impulse came from his childhood, when as a seven-year-old Hungarian immigrant fleeing the Communists in 1956, he and his family were displaced—virtually homeless—in a new land. Although he became more American than most natives, he never forgot the time when he was an “alien.”</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: cyan;">He savored the nuances of type and had a fetish for vernacular design—the untutored or quotidian signs, marquees, billboards, and packages that compose mass culture—but understood that being a master of good design meant nothing unless it supported a message that led to action</span><span style="background-color: white;">. Even most stylistic work must be viewed in the context of Tibor's persistence. Everything had to have meaning and resonance. A real estate brochure, like one for Red Square, an apartment building on the Lower East Side of Manhattan, had to be positioned in terms of how it would benefit the surrounding low-income community.</span><span style="background-color: cyan;"> One message was never enough. When Tibor sold a “design” to a client, he did not hype a particular typeface or color, but rather how the end result would simultaneously advance both client and culture.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: cyan;">Tibor did not, however, rebel against being a professional—M&Co was in business to be successful and he enjoyed the rewards of prosperity. But he questioned the conventions of success.</span><span style="background-color: white;"> “Everyone can hire a good photographer, choose a tasteful typeface and produce a perfect mechanical,” Tibor once railed. “So what? That means ninety-five percent of the work exists on the same professional level, which for me is the same as being mediocre.” Tibor ardently avoided any solution, or any client, that would perpetuate this </span><em style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">bete noir</em><span style="background-color: white;">. About clients, Tibor said:</span><span style="background-color: cyan;"> “We're not here to give them what's safe and expedient. We're not here to help eradicate everything of visual interest from the face of the earth. We're here to make them think about design that's dangerous and unpredictable. We're here to inject art into commerce.”</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">With little patience for mundane and insipid thinking, whether it came from clients, other designers, or M&Co, Tibor was intolerant of mindless consistency and was not reluctant to make people angry—including associates, friends, and allies. For example, in a speech before the Modernism and Eclecticism design history symposium, he accused two friends, Charles Spencer Anderson and Paula Scher, who revived historical styles at that time, of being graverobbers who abrogated their responsibility as creators. Curiously, M&Co had developed a house style of its own based on vernacularism, the “undesign” that Tibor celebrated for its unfettered expression, which also fed into the postmodern penchant for referring to the past. </span><span style="background-color: cyan;">While Tibor's ire sometimes seemed inconsistent with his own practice, he rationalized M&Co's use of vernacular as a symbol of protest—a means of undermining the cold conformity of the corporate International Style.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">M&Co left scores of design artifacts behind, but Tibor will be remembered more for his critiques on the nature of consumption and production than for his formal studio achievements, which were contributed to by many talented design associates. Despite numerous entries in design annuals, and the catalogue of objects in his own book, </span><em style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Tibor Kalman: Perverse Optimist</em><span style="background-color: white;">(Princeton Architectural Press, 1998),</span><span style="background-color: cyan;"> the heart of Tibor's accomplishment was enlarging the parameters of design from service to cultural force. And this was no more apparent than in his later work. For when Tibor realized that stylish record albums, witty advertisements, and humorous watches and clocks had a limited cultural value, he turned to editing</span><span style="background-color: white;">. First, he signed on as creative director of the magazines </span><em style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Artforum</em><span style="background-color: white;"> and </span><em style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Interview</em><span style="background-color: white;">. But he mostly guided the look, not the content, of these publications. In fact, without total control he was frustrated by his inability to experiment with a new pictorial narrative theory that he was developing. As a teenager he was an avid fan of </span><em style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Life</em><span style="background-color: white;"> magazine, and believed that in the age of electronic media, photojournalism was still a more effective way to convey significant stories. </span><span style="background-color: cyan;">While editing pictures for the photographer Oliviero Toscani, who had created the pictorial advertising identity for Benetton, the Italian clothing manufacturer, Tibor helped produce a series of controversial advertisements focusing on AIDS, racism, refugees, violence, and warfare that carried the Benetton logo but eschewed the fashions it sold. For him, this was sublimely subversive.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">Productless commercial advertisements were not altogether new</span><span style="background-color: cyan;">. In the 1980s Kenneth Cole and Ben and Jerry's Ice Cream companies devoted advertising and packaging space to promote social and environmental causes. But in the 1990s Benetton went a step further with what began as The United Colors of Benetton, a product-based series of multicultural kids promoting ethnic and racial harmony, which evolved into captionless double truck journalistic photographs. Ultimately the ads led to the creation of Benetton's own magazine, <em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Colors</em>, for which Tibor became editor-in-chief and where he continued to reject fashion magazine cliches in favor of sociopolitical issues. <em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Colors</em> quickly became the primary outlet for Tibor's most progressive ideas. And shortly after launching the magazine, he closed M&Co's doors and moved to Rome.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: cyan;"><em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Colors</em> was “the first magazine for the global village,” Tibor announced, “aimed at an audience of flexible minds, young people between fourteen and twenty, or curious people of any age.” </span><span style="background-color: white;">It was also the outlet for Tibor's political activism. In his most audacious issue devoted to racism, a feature titled “How to Change Your Race” examined cosmetic means of altering hair, lips, noses, eyes, and, of course, skin color to achieve some kind of platonic ideal. Another feature in the same issue, “What If...” was a collection of full-page manipulated photographs showing famous people racially transformed: Queen Elizabeth and Arnold Schwarzenegger as black; Pope John Paul II as Asian; Spike Lee as white; and Michael Jackson given a Nordic cast.</span><span style="background-color: cyan;"> “Race is not the real issue here,” Kalman noted. “Power and sex are the dominant forces in the world.”</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">Through its vivid coverage of such themes as deadly weapons, street violence, and hate groups, </span><span style="background-color: cyan;"><em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Colors</em> was a vivid contrast to Benetton's fashion products. Even the way it was printed, on pulp paper, which soaked up ink and muted the color reproductions, went counter to the brightly lighted Benetton shops with happy clothes in vibrant color. Yet <em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Colors</em> served to “contextualize,” as Tibor defined it, Toscani's advertising imagery.</span><span style="background-color: white;"> Indeed, the </span><span style="background-color: lime;">basis for criticism leveled at Benetton's advertising campaign had been the absence of context. Without a caption or explanatory text the images appeared gratuitous—shocking, yes, but uninformative. The campaign signaled that Benetton had some kind of a social conscience, but the ads themselves failed to explain what it was</span><span style="background-color: white;">. </span><span style="background-color: cyan;">With <em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Colors</em> the advertisements appeared as teasers for a magazine that critically addressed war and peace, love and hate, power and sex.</span></div>
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In 1997, cancer forced Tibor to return to New York, where despite grueling chemo and radiation therapy, he re-established M&Co with a mission to take a pro-active approach to design and art direction. Foreseeing his last chance to do meaningful work, Tibor accepted only projects that would have lasting impact. He began writing OpArt critiques for the OpEd Page of the<em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">New York Times</em>, attacking smoking and noise pollution, among other issues. He designed an outdoor installation of photographs of real people commenting on their relationship to Times Square, which hung on the scaffold around the Conde Nast tower in Times Square. He taught a weekly class in pictorial narrative in the MFA/Design program at the School of Visual Arts until a week before he died. And he continued to contribute articles on popular and vernacular culture to various magazines. As his last testament he designed “Tiborocity,” a retrospective exhibition at SFMoMA, constructed as thematic “neighborhoods” that integrated Tibor's work with his graphic influences from the '60s and '70s.</div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">Of the two names that changed design in the '80s and '90s—</span><span style="background-color: cyan;">Mac and Tibor—one changed the way we work, the other the way we think. The former is a tool, the latter was our conscience.</span></div>
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<a href="http://www.pinterest.com/pin/create/extension/" style="background-image: url(data:image/png; border: none; cursor: pointer; display: none; height: 20px; left: 238px; line-height: 0; min-height: 20px; min-width: 40px; opacity: 0.85; position: absolute; top: 55px; width: 40px; z-index: 8675309;"></a><a href="http://www.pinterest.com/pin/create/extension/" style="background-image: url(data:image/png; border: none; cursor: pointer; display: none; height: 20px; left: 238px; line-height: 0; min-height: 20px; min-width: 40px; opacity: 0.85; position: absolute; top: 55px; width: 40px; z-index: 8675309;"></a>Amy Hillhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17229705333818130350noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2448256174762267878.post-35859438016138717162014-10-27T12:07:00.001-07:002015-01-13T03:54:13.354-08:00What is Morality, how does it apply to Graphic Design ? <span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Some useful Definitions </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">according to 'Good:An introduction to ethics in graphic design', by Lucienne Roberts</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ethics (noun)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Moral Philosophy</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Moral principles</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ethical (adjective)(to be... ethical)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Relating to morals</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Morally Correct</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Moral (adjective)(to be... moral)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Concerned with the goodness or badness of human character or behaviour, or with the distinction between right and wrong</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Morals (noun)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Moral Behaviour</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Good (adjective)(to be... good)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Having the right or desired qualities</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Efficient, competent, reliable</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Kind, morally excellent, virtuous, charitable, well-behaved, enjoyable, beneficial</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Right, proper, expedient</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Attractive</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Good (noun)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">That which is good; what is beneficial or morally right</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Right (adjective)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Just, morally or socially correct</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Right (noun)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">That which is morally or socially correct, just, fair treatment</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">(all definitions taken from The Oxford Compact English Dictionary)</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">'Morality is of course part of ethics, but it is not the whole of ethics. Morality is about some of our responsibilities to others, whereas ethics is about one's 'ethos', one's whole way of life. It is about what sort of person one is.' <span style="font-size: x-small;">-Anthony Grayling, The Heart of Things.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">This is what I myself find interesting, <i>'Morality is about our responsibility to others',</i> means to me how we can all be right by one another and how we can all help one another, but it also includes what we can do for the earth and the environment, in protecting our earth we protect ourselves and life, I also feel that animals are involved within this and they apply to our 'responsibility towards others'. I am not saying that everyone has to stop eating meat, as animals do eat other animals, but I think that we can be more humane and less destructive in our everyday lives. I think that the quote above has helped me to clarify the direction of my research, and clarifies it to others. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Morality is therefore interlinked with the responsibility and our feelings of being responsible.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">As well what I find interesting about the definitions of the words above is that they are all similar they seem to work and circulate with one another they are all relative, and to really understand one you need to understand them all, which to me means the topic is complex, and has areas of undefinability. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">For instance; like I have previously looked into </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Who defines what is good, nobody has the same views upon what is wrong and what is right ?</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">There is no international recognised scale of what is really good or bad, and there are always people in dispute, however I do believe events or acts that are constituted as being very bad or very good the majority agrees upon, for example the Nazis 'Final Solution' formulated in 1942, lead to the murder of 6 million Jewish citizens and many other minorities, this is probably one of the biggest atrocities in history and I would say is the top end of the 'bad' scale, and most of the world would agree. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Yet this plan was designed, it was all a result of many factors that allowed Hitler to rise to power and dictatorship. On the one hand he allowed the design of thousand of propaganda campaigns, but on the other he banned all other forms of Art and Design, closed the Bauhaus and arrested anyone who would continue to create design against him or anything he deemed as appropriate. But people still continued to create in secret, but the majority in Germany at the time would have seen these people and their work as 'bad', because they had been hypnotised by all the propaganda(bad) around them, and this to me is a case study of what is wrong and right within design and life.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Is wrong and right, good and bad influenced by larger powers around you ? </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">I think that the answer, for the general majority again is yes. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">However back to the general .... </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>So what do moral factors and morality have to do with people who design and make things?</b> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">-http://www.notesandsketches.co.uk/Moral_issues_in_design_and_technology.html</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The answer is clear. The way that we design and make things affect the safety, comfort and well being of people who come into contact with our designs and who will be affected by them. So, the morality of our thinking and decision making has an impact on every aspect of our design and technology work and on the people who will use our products.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; font-weight: normal;">Morality: The Design Opportunity</span></h3>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The identification of a problem or design opportunity offers us a chance to do something about it. Our moral choices are that:</span></div>
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<li><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">we could do something that would be considered by others to be good for people, our environment and living things such as birds, fish and animals;</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">we could do something that would be considered by others to be bad for people, our environment and living things such as birds, fish and animals, or;</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">we could decide to do nothing at all.</span></li>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The moral dilemma is whether to act when we know that action should be taken and whether to do what is right and good for others particularly when it is difficult or not so good for us.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; font-weight: normal;">Morality: The Design Specification</span></h3>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The design specification lists the specific things that a design should include and the specific attributes that a design should have. The morality with which the design specification is compiled helps determine the quality, safety and suitability of the design. So the specification should be compiled with the aim of creating a product that is right and good for people and the environment. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; font-weight: normal;">Morality: The Design</span></h3>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A design is a detailed plan of a product, system or environment that takes into account how the product, system or environment should be manufactured and how it should be used. A design may be judged as being a very good design because the finished product does precisely what it was intended to do, however, the way that the product is intended to be used may be judged as being morally good or bad, or right or wrong.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Take for example, the design of land mines. A land mine is intended to be hidden just below the surface of the earth and to explode when a light pressure is applied to the top of it. The fact that hidden land mines indiscriminately blow the legs off unsuspecting adults, children and animals, questions the morality of all the people involved with commissioning, designing, manufacturing, advertising, distributing, selling and using the product. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">So the way that a design is intended to be used is a factor in determining whether the designer’s actions are morally good or bad, or morally right or wrong. The morality of the designer’s decision making, together with the designer’s practical skills determines how much the world will benefit from the design. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Morally, designs intended for the general public, should be inclusive, i.e. designed in a way that everyone can use the finished product, system or environment comfortably and safely. New designs for public facilities such as public telephones, public parks and public buildings are generally inclusive designs aimed at giving everyone equal access to them, around them and exit from them. However, even inclusive designs cannot cater for every conceivable need that individuals that make up “the general public” can have, so designs have to be modified, customised and redesigned to meet the specific and special needs of individuals.</span></div>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: orange;">Ideally, a design should be a good solution to a problem or a design opportunity and should benefit humans, plants, animals or the environment, with minimal or no detrimental affects. </span><span style="background-color: white;">All designs should take into account the health, safety and well being of the makers and users of the design.</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The article</span> <span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">above is more specific to design but I think that it is in conduction with my own ideas about morality within graphic design as I mentioned before. The highlighted phrase I think is the most important thing to take away, but to add to it I think that a design should also be designed in purpose to be good or encourage positive change, and awareness. It should be responsible.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">http://www.aiga.org/ethics-and-social-responsibility/</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; line-height: 18px;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">In discussing ethics and design, there are at least three different levels for us to consider.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; line-height: 18px;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The first has to do with professional behavior in daily business interactions. The next level deals with specific professional expertise needed in such areas as accessibility, usability, consumer safety and environmental practices. <u>This leads us to the third level, which is about overall professional values-a broader framework of moral principles and obligations in life...</u></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: inherit; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><br /></span>
<span style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: inherit; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b>The designer's role</b></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: inherit; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Depending on your design discipline and the nature of your client's business, you may need to be aware of additional responsibilities and legal obligations in the following areas.</span><br />
<em style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: inherit; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Universal design and accessibility</em><span style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: inherit; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: inherit; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Places, products and services should be universally accessible to people of all ages, abilities and physical conditions. You'll want your creative work to reduce barriers and be welcoming to everyone. Your designs should facilitate mobility, communication and participation in civic life. In fact, some aspects of these moral obligations to the public have been written into law in the United States and other countries such as Japan and the United Kingdom.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: inherit; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">For example, if you work in the United States and you design a physical space, your project may be subject to the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA), which is a civil rights act that affects private businesses as well as governmental organizations. ADA requirements are of particular importance to industrial designers, interior designers, and architects. These requirements apply to new construction as well as to alterations.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: inherit; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">If you are designing electronic products or digital services in the United States, you must be aware of Section 508 of the Workforce Investment Act of 1998. It's of particular importance to user interface designers as well as software and hardware developers. This law requires electronic and information technology purchased by the U.S. government to be accessible for people with disabilities. It sets accessibility and usability requirements for any websites, video equipment, kiosks, computers, copiers, fax machines and the like that may be procured by the government, thereby affecting all such products in the American market.</span><br />
<em style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: inherit; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Consumer product labeling</em><span style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: inherit; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: inherit; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">If you are involved in the design of certain consumer products or packages, you and your client need to be aware of any applicable labeling requirements. In the United States, a number of federal and state laws have been enacted to protect consumers from unknowingly purchasing products that might be unsafe or unsanitary. Similar laws are in place in Canada, Japan and the European Union. The laws cover a variety of product categories, including such items as food, pharmaceuticals, textiles, bedding, furniture, and toys. Specific formats vary, but the labeling requirements often include identification of contents and country of origin, as well as the inclusion of safety instructions and warnings. For example, here are two websites with information about food product labels:</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 18px;"><br /></span></span><em style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: inherit; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Ecology and sustainability</em><span style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: inherit; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: inherit; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">With each passing year, issues related to ecology and sustainability become more critical for the entire world. Designers can make a big difference-not only through responsible choices about materials and processes used in current projects, but by staying well-informed and providing expert guidance to clients about long-term plans and activities. Industrial designers in particular are faced with a dual challenge-the need to constantly re-create and improve products while avoiding the excesses of planned obsolescence and throw-away culture. Innovative thinking will help reduce consumption and waste, reduce the use of toxic materials, encourage reuse and recycling, increase energy efficiency, and encourage the development and use of renewable energy sources. In many countries, ecological principles are being written into law. Germany has taken the lead in establishing requirements for manufacturers regarding the use of recycled materials, the use of sustainable energy sources and the reduction of waste. General reference information is available to designers from a number of sources including several professional associations. Here are some places to start:</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 18px;"><br /></span></span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: inherit; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: orange;">Clearly, the universal design concerns and ecological responsibilities mentioned above are part of a much broader system of moral values and obligations-</span><b><span style="background-color: orange;">not just how we do our work, but what it is that we are doing in the first place and the impact it will have on the world.</span><span style="background-color: white;"> </span></b></span><span style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: inherit; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Although many designers agree on professional behavior toward clients and peers, there is </span><span style="background-color: orange; border: 0px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: inherit; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">less consensus about the obligations of designers toward society in general and the role that we should play in finding solutions to complex global problems.</span><span style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: inherit; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: inherit; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white;">Here we move beyond objective instructions on how to do something, and into</span></span><br />
<span style="border: 0px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: inherit; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white;"></span><b style="background-color: orange;">subjective decisions ...</b></span><br />
<span style="border: 0px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: inherit; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="background-color: orange;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></b></span>
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<span style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: inherit; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[From this I have gathered that the subject I am looking into is subjective, I was familiar with the word but wanted to define it to myself fully. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">What does the word Subjective mean ?</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Subjective</b></span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;">adjective</span><br /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;">1.</span><span class="oneClick-link" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;">existing</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;"> </span><span class="oneClick-link" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;">in</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;"> </span><span class="oneClick-link" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;">the</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;"> </span><span class="oneClick-link" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;">mind;</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;"> </span><span class="oneClick-link" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;">belonging</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;"> </span><span class="oneClick-link" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;">to</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;"> </span><span class="oneClick-link" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;">the</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;"> </span><span class="oneClick-link" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;">thinking</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;"> </span><span class="oneClick-link" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;">subject</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;"> </span><span class="oneClick-link" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;">rather</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;"> </span><span class="oneClick-link" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;">than</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;"> </span><span class="oneClick-link" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;">to</span><span class="oneClick-link" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;">the</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;"> </span><span class="oneClick-link" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;">object</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;"> </span><span class="oneClick-link" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;">of</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;"> </span><span class="oneClick-link" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;">thought</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;"> </span><span class="oneClick-link" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;">(opposed</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;"> </span><span class="oneClick-link" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;">to</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;"> objective</span><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;"> </span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;">).</span><br /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;">2.</span><span class="oneClick-link oneClick-available" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;">pertaining</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;"> </span><span class="oneClick-link" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;">to</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;"> </span><span class="oneClick-link" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;">or</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;"> </span><span class="oneClick-link" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;">characteristic</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;"> </span><span class="oneClick-link" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;">of</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;"> </span><span class="oneClick-link" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;">an</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;"> </span><span class="oneClick-link" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;">individual;</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;"> </span><span class="oneClick-link" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;">personal;</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;"> </span><span class="oneClick-link" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;">individual:</span><br /><span class="oneClick-link" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: italic; line-height: 22px;">a</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: italic; line-height: 22px;"> </span><span class="oneClick-link oneClick-available" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: italic; line-height: 22px;">subjective</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: italic; line-height: 22px;"> </span><span class="oneClick-link" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: italic; line-height: 22px;">evaluation.</span><br /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;">3.</span><span class="oneClick-link oneClick-available" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;">placing</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;"> </span><span class="oneClick-link" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;">excessive</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;"> </span><span class="oneClick-link" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;">emphasis</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;"> </span><span class="oneClick-link" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;">on</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;"> </span><span class="oneClick-link" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;">one's</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;"> </span><span class="oneClick-link" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;">own</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;"> </span><span class="oneClick-link" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;">moods,</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;"> </span><span class="oneClick-link" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;">attitudes,</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;"> </span><span class="oneClick-link" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;">opinions,</span><span class="oneClick-link oneClick-available" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;">etc.;</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;"> </span><span class="oneClick-link" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;">unduly</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;"> </span><span class="oneClick-link" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;">egocentric.</span><br /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;">4.</span><span class="dbox-italic" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: italic; line-height: 22px;"><span class="oneClick-link oneClick-available" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Philosophy.</span> </span><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;"><span class="oneClick-link" style="box-sizing: border-box;">relating</span> <span class="oneClick-link" style="box-sizing: border-box;">to</span> <span class="oneClick-link" style="box-sizing: border-box;">or</span> <span class="oneClick-link" style="box-sizing: border-box;">of</span> <span class="oneClick-link" style="box-sizing: border-box;">the</span> <span class="oneClick-link" style="box-sizing: border-box;">nature</span> <span class="oneClick-link" style="box-sizing: border-box;">of</span> <span class="oneClick-link" style="box-sizing: border-box;">an</span> <span class="oneClick-link" style="box-sizing: border-box;">object</span> <span class="oneClick-link" style="box-sizing: border-box;">as</span> <span class="oneClick-link" style="box-sizing: border-box;">it</span> <span class="oneClick-link" style="box-sizing: border-box;">is</span> <span class="oneClick-link" style="box-sizing: border-box;">known</span> <span class="oneClick-link" style="box-sizing: border-box;">in</span><span class="oneClick-link" style="box-sizing: border-box;">the</span> <span class="oneClick-link" style="box-sizing: border-box;">mind</span> <span class="oneClick-link" style="box-sizing: border-box;">as</span> <span class="oneClick-link" style="box-sizing: border-box;">distinct</span> <span class="oneClick-link" style="box-sizing: border-box;">from</span> <span class="oneClick-link" style="box-sizing: border-box;">a</span> <span class="oneClick-link oneClick-available" style="box-sizing: border-box;">thing</span> <span class="oneClick-link" style="box-sizing: border-box;">in</span> <span class="oneClick-link" style="box-sizing: border-box;">itself.</span></span><br /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;">5.</span><span class="oneClick-link oneClick-available" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;">relating</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;"> </span><span class="oneClick-link" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;">to</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;"> </span><span class="oneClick-link" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;">properties</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;"> </span><span class="oneClick-link" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;">or</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;"> </span><span class="oneClick-link oneClick-available" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;">specific</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;"> </span><span class="oneClick-link oneClick-available" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;">conditions</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;"> </span><span class="oneClick-link" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;">of</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;"> </span><span class="oneClick-link" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;">the</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;"> </span><span class="oneClick-link" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;">mind</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;"> </span><span class="oneClick-link" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;">as</span><span class="oneClick-link oneClick-available" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;">distinguished</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;"> </span><span class="oneClick-link" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;">from</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;"> </span><span class="oneClick-link oneClick-available" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;">general</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;"> </span><span class="oneClick-link" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;">or</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;"> </span><span class="oneClick-link" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;">universal</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;"> </span><span class="oneClick-link" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;">experience.</span><br /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;">6.</span><span class="oneClick-link oneClick-available" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;">pertaining</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;"> </span><span class="oneClick-link" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;">to</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;"> </span><span class="oneClick-link" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;">the</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;"> </span><span class="oneClick-link oneClick-available" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;">subject</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;"> </span><span class="oneClick-link" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;">or</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;"> </span><span class="oneClick-link oneClick-available" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;">substance</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;"> </span><span class="oneClick-link" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;">in</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;"> </span><span class="oneClick-link" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;">which</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;"> </span><span class="oneClick-link" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;">attributes</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;"> </span><span class="oneClick-link" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;">inhere;</span><span class="oneClick-link" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 22px;">essential.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: inherit; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">And so from this definition I now know that my subject matter is in fact subjective, is based upon personal feelings and opinions and that there will be no concrete right or wrong, like right and wrong itself. Which means I will need to look into my topic throughly and form my own opinion based upon the evidence I find that supports what I think, but also to find opposing evidence and come to my own conclusion, which again is subject to opinion.] </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="border: 0px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: inherit; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white;">... about what is right and good. It's possible to function as a skilled designer and a successful businessperson without being a good global citizen. Here are just a few of the many interrelated social, economic and political challenges that we face:</span></span><br />
<em style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: inherit; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><br /></em>
<b><em style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: inherit; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The expansion of consumer culture</em><span style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: inherit; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></b><br />
<span style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: inherit; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Designers are involved in many different activities, but a significant portion of our work promotes corporate commercialism. When serving commerce, we need to be aware of the influence and impact that our work has on the public. Marketing and advertising shape consumer culture, including the self-image and personal values of buyers. Our involvement in materialism and conspicuous consumption may even extend to the creation of artificial needs and the promotion of unnecessary products through advertising and marketing messages that are manipulative or deceptive. These concerns are also present in the political realm, where the latest consumer marketing techniques are used to manufacture consent on political issues and to sell candidates to voters. Two very interesting commentaries are available online about the relationship between commercialism and design.</span><br />
<em style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: inherit; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b>The increasing power of corporations</b></em><span style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: inherit; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: inherit; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Most leading design firms work for large corporate clients and it's no secret that good design sometimes supports bad companies. Private profit making is often at odds with public good. Designers function as advisors to corporate clients and as advocates for the end user. In this capacity, we can exert a positive influence on clients and inspire responsibility. To do this, we must dig deeper, ask questions, express doubts and propose alternatives. We must actively work to resolve contradictions between business and societal needs. On each commissioned project, we must ask ourselves: Is the message truthful? Is the service beneficial? Is the product useful, made well and produced in a sustainable way?</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: inherit; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">We also shape our careers through our choice of clients. Some designers consciously shift their activities away from for-profit clients and into the not-for-profit realm, into activism and cause-related marketing. Many designers have taken the leap to developing their own, non-commissioned projects. Design entrepreneurs working at a small scale have more latitude to explore new business models and practices.</span><br />
<b><em style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: inherit; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The globalization of trade</em><span style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: inherit; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></b><br />
<span style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: inherit; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Many designers work with multinational corporations-either as outside consultants or as in-house employees. In most global businesses, raw materials come from one part of the world, manufacturing happens in another place, and final sales are made somewhere else. Through their activities, multinationals spread capitalism. They influence governments and have significant impact on local cultures. Unfortunately, their activities can lead to economic imbalances. Additional concerns include labor conditions, human rights and environmental practices, particularly in developing countries.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: inherit; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Design is a problem-solving process and the world today has so many problems. Designers need to play a larger role-not just responding, but initiating. We need to bring our personal beliefs and professional activities into alignment. Through our work, we have the opportunity and the responsibility to put our system of basic values into action-to model the behavior that we want to see in the world.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-weight: bold;"><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 18px;"><br /></span></span><span style="background-color: cyan; border: 0px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: inherit; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b>In tackling complex issues, we need to be aware of larger contexts, and to reach out to other professionals. In many instances, the scale of the challenge will move us beyond our training. We need to partner with experts in many other disciplines-economists, anthropologists, biologists, political scientists, and sociologists, to name just a few. To these collaborations we bring humanist roots, historical perspective, cross-cultural awareness, critical thinking, project leadership and a holistic approach.</b></span><br />
<span style="border: 0px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: inherit; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: cyan;"><b>We must also be actively involved in the political process to reshape institutions and reset priorities. Design is a powerful tool for shaping the world and how we live in it. Ethical design is our way to contribute to the betterment of all and to ensure abundance, diversity and health to future generations.</b></span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: inherit; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><br /></span>
<span style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: inherit; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">AIGA - '</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Tahoma, sans-serif; line-height: 18px;">advances design as a professional craft, strategic advantage and vital cultural force. As the largest community of design advocates, we bring together practitioners, enthusiasts and patrons to amplify the voice of design and create the vision for a collective future. We define global standards and ethical practices, guide design education, inspire designers and the public, enhance professional development, and make powerful tools and resources accessible to all.'</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Tahoma, sans-serif; line-height: 18px;">Glaser and Kalman as advocates for social </span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">responsibility </span></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; text-align: center;">During a “Big Think” interview with designer Milton Glaser says that the ultimate challenge for designers is to create beautiful, not just sustainable, design. Glaser believes that we respond to beauty as a species; beauty is the means by which we move towards the attentiveness that protects our species as a survival mechanism. Glaser thinks that ultimately it’s the responsibility of the graphic designer to inform and delight by creating beautiful designs. Social responsibility in graphic design has advocates in both the private sector and the public sector, in large organizations and small, and on an individual basis. </span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; text-align: center;">Since 1942 the Ad Council has been addressing critical social issues. Campaigns like “Rosie the Riveter,” “Smokey the Bear,” and “Crash Test Dummies” have delivered critical messages to the American public. A private, non-profit organization, the Ad Council uses volunteer talent from the advertising and communications industries, the facilities of the media, and the resources of the business and non-profit communities. </span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; text-align: center;">Graphic designers like Tibor Kalman prodded fellow designers to take responsibility for their work as designer-citizens. Throughout his career he urged designers to question the effects of their work and refuse to accept any client’s product at face value. Kalman inspired graphic designers to use their work to increase public awareness of a variety of social issues. Across the globe as well as on an individual level, graphic designers are being challenged to create work that’s socially responsible. Read about “Water for India,” an example of teaching social responsibility.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; text-align: center;"> </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">-http://www.ethicsingraphicdesign.org/morality/social-responsibility/#sthash.6XuS9t8y.dpuf</span></span><br />
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<a href="http://www.pinterest.com/pin/create/extension/" style="background-image: url(data:image/png; border: none; cursor: pointer; display: none; height: 20px; line-height: 0; min-height: 20px; min-width: 40px; opacity: 0.85; position: absolute; width: 40px; z-index: 8675309;"></a><a href="http://www.pinterest.com/pin/create/extension/" style="background-image: url(data:image/png; border: none; cursor: pointer; display: none; height: 20px; line-height: 0; min-height: 20px; min-width: 40px; opacity: 0.85; position: absolute; width: 40px; z-index: 8675309;"></a><a href="http://www.pinterest.com/pin/create/extension/" style="background-image: url(data:image/png; border: none; cursor: pointer; display: none; height: 20px; line-height: 0; min-height: 20px; min-width: 40px; opacity: 0.85; position: absolute; width: 40px; z-index: 8675309;"></a><a href="http://www.pinterest.com/pin/create/extension/" style="background-image: url(data:image/png; border: none; cursor: pointer; display: none; height: 20px; line-height: 0; min-height: 20px; min-width: 40px; opacity: 0.85; position: absolute; width: 40px; z-index: 8675309;"></a>Amy Hillhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17229705333818130350noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2448256174762267878.post-89636786213376737942014-10-27T12:06:00.001-07:002015-01-13T03:54:13.413-08:00So is responsible design also good design ? <span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">'Shouldn't all graphic design be responsible ? Not just protest, advocacy, cautionary, or information design- all graphic communication aimed at the public should be conscientious, and, therefore, good. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Yet not all aesthetically commendable design conveys worthy messages or promotes harmless products.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">For instance... Cigarette packet generally come in a delightfully coloured box, designed for lurking youngsters to buy cigarettes, while the graphics for the antismoking campaign Truth, aimed at ending teenage tobacco abuse, are not always well designed.' </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">- Past Principles: A History of Good, Ethical Graphic Design, Steven Heller (section within Conscientious Objectives: Designing for an Ethical Message, written by John Cranmer and Yolanda Zappaterra. 2003) </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">As this book was published over ten years ago I feel that the some elements of the above statement have changed, but I feel in principle that it is still true. Cigarette packaging now is plain packaged in some countries, and in the UK ...</span></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzxOHZN8LEvSEEddSC74tFD9qBWWQ3cMrGMgWsiA5RuBazg0OrYwt-C0lGx-VnlXZmVl6AQbut8qjgArGXbc41BQDIKYJMALvXVKDAiKa83KZK9l1YIdv9D1sidPjShOPh1YTybzQz3cs/s1600/cigarette-packs-16.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzxOHZN8LEvSEEddSC74tFD9qBWWQ3cMrGMgWsiA5RuBazg0OrYwt-C0lGx-VnlXZmVl6AQbut8qjgArGXbc41BQDIKYJMALvXVKDAiKa83KZK9l1YIdv9D1sidPjShOPh1YTybzQz3cs/s1600/cigarette-packs-16.jpg" height="400" width="195" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">(Old Packaging)</span></td></tr>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small; line-height: 22px;">Plain cigarette packaging</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small; line-height: 22px;">, also known as generic, standardised or </span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small; line-height: 22px;">homogeneous</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small; line-height: 22px;"> packaging, refers to packaging that requires the removal of all </span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small; line-height: 22px;">branding</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small; line-height: 22px;"> (colours, imagery, corporate logos and </span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small; line-height: 22px;">trademarks</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small; line-height: 22px;">), permitting manufacturers to print only the brand name in a mandated size, font and place on the pack, in addition to the </span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small; line-height: 22px;">health warnings</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small; line-height: 22px;"> and any other legally mandated information such as toxic constituents and tax-paid stamps. The appearance of all tobacco packs is standardised, including the colour of the pack.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Meaning that the design of cigarettes is now supposed to be off putting as well as this supermarkets in the UK have also been banned from displaying cigarettes</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://www.theguardian.com/society/2012/apr/05/cigarette-tobacco-displays-banned-supermarkets</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">and so the above statement is dated, but it has an underlying principle, that the harmful products or bad ideas are sometimes a lot more persuasive, effective and 'good' in design terms in comparison to there anti works. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">However I do feel that campaigns against things like this are increasingly becoming equal in their design.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">for instance I saw this recently... </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://www.catalogodiseno.com/2014/09/11/too-young-to-drink-por-fabrica/#.VBHslBSD47g.twitter</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A too young to drink campaign, against women drinking when pregnant, created by the Italian studio Catalogodiseno. I think that the imagery is striking and effective, the imagery is very realistic and I think it has been done extremely well, its not over the top, but it is shocking to see. The designers have done really well and not just its aesthetics but the concept is innovative.</span></div>
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'<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Yet some believe that veneer is only a small part of the design equation. Milton Glaser declares <b>"Good design is good citizenship," </b>which is probably the most perceptive definition of responsible design I've heard. Good citizenship is the inalienable duty of participants in the social contract to take responsibility for their actions- which means design that does not adhere to the standard of good citizenship is irresponsible.' </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">I feel that this view is valid, Milton Glaser has clearly connected the world of design to the real world, and it is obvious that he believes that design does have an effect upon society and that responsible design, is good. But this does not explain the good aesthetics= good design for 'bad' causes/ solutions.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">'Starting with the minor misdemeanours and building to major indiscretions, the following 12 prohibitions suggest the lines he believes designers should not cross.</span><br />
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<li><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Designing a package to look bigger on the shelf.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Doing an ad for a slow, boring film to make it seem like a light-hearted comedy.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Designing a crest for a new vineyard that suggests that it has been in business for a long time.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Designing a jacket for a book whose content you personally find repellent.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Designing a medal using steel from the World Trade Center to be sold as a profit-making souvenir of 9/11.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Designing an advertising campaign for a company with a history of known discrimination in minority hiring.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Designing a package for children whose contents you know are low in nutritional value and high in sugar content.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Designing a line a line of t-shirts for a manufacturer that employs child labor.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Designing a promotion for a diet product that you know does not work.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Designing an ad for a political campaign whose policies you belie would be harmful to the general public.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Designing a brochure for an SUV which has a tendency to overturn in emergency conditions, and is known to have killed over 100 people.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Designing an ad for a product whose frequent use could result in the user's death.'</span></li>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">I think that the list has some valuable points, but it is also slightly blurry to me, I can see where he is coming from but I do not think as the designer you would always know the policies of the companies, and in fact it is them that should address their policies, but if you are fully in the know then it would be irresponsible to work for a company ' that employs child labor.' As well as this the more designers that turned down these sort of works would mean the company would hopefully not be as well promoted and would perhaps change their own practice. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">As well as this the list does not cover the huge spectrum of responsible choices designers may be faced with as well as this it doesn't address personal circumstance. </span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; text-decoration: none;">Five Questions about Design Ethics: Milton Glaser</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">-http://www.designlessbetter.com/blogless/posts/five-questions-about-design-ethics-milton-glaser</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Design Less Better recently had the opportunity to talk to one of our favorite designers, Milton Glaser, about our favorite topic, design ethics. We are very proud to bring you this interview.</span><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>DLB</b>: We all know about your socially conscious design work: the war buttons, Light Up the Sky, We Are All African, and of course the Design of Dissent anthology. Aside from making work with explicitly ethical messaging, <b>how do you express your values in your day-to-day design practice</b>?</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>MG</b>: I don’t think my ethics in ordinary design practice are different than anybody else’s. Fundamentally, I try to <span style="background-color: cyan;">do no harm, not to lie, and to have the same sense of responsibility to the community that any good citizen would have. </span>My idea is that if you have a definition of good citizenship, you behave within that definition. I don’t think it’s terribly complex.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>DLB</b>: Could you expand on what’s involved in being a good citizen?</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>MG</b>: Well, it’s a long and moralistic definition, but I think everybody knows what it means. <span style="background-color: cyan;">It means that you don’t deliberately go out and attempt to move people to anything that will harm them; you don’t misrepresent anything that you’re responsible for transmitting. It’s not a very complicated idea. Telling the truth is simple. But the truth is also full of ambiguity. Sometimes you don’t know the truth. Sometimes the truth can produce pain and difficulty.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">But I think the fundamental thing in the design field is not to urge people to buy something or to move toward something that would harm them. Beyond that, it gets into a long and maybe overly complex series of issues.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>DLB</b>: Let’s talk more about a specific kind of moral complexity in this field. We’ve written about Citibank’s campaign that claims that there’s more to life than the pursuit of money, Unilever’s campaign suggesting that the beauty industry is unhealthy for the self-esteem of young girls, and the many green campaigns that credit card and oil companies are now running.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">In one sense, all these messages are good, ethical messages, but in another sense it’s unclear whether those companies have the moral authority to make them. <b style="color: black;">What do you think about designers and marketers delivering values as a form of advertising?</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">"I think the fundamental thing in the design field is not to urge people to buy something or to move toward something that would harm them."</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>MG</b>: We know the story. If a company uses that as a marketing ploy, you still have to look at the other 99% of their activity. The idea of gratuitously saying that there’s more to life than money and then spending every other moment of your time making people think only of money is a little bit, to say the least, hypocritical.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">This morning, I read that there was ademonstration at a gallery in London opposing BP’s activity. And BP said that, despite this, they were not going to withdraw their funding from supporting the arts. They give a million and a half dollars to the arts each year. A million and a half dollars. That’s the cost of a lunch at BP! So that kind of cynical bullshit is enough to make you gag. You know that, in this case, giving to the arts is totally for public relations. It has nothing to do with commitment to the arts, or with BP considering the arts to be significant. If you are BP, and you think that the arts are significant, you’d give them a billion dollars for god’s sake. A million and a half dollars a year. C’mon!</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>DLB</b>: Truth-telling and hypocrisy are obviously important to you. In fact, famously, your Road to Hell test gives designers a way to establish their level of discomfort with bending the truth. It helps designers figure out what they’re willing to do for a job. On that note, can you tell us about a time when you turned down or gave up a job for ethical reasons?</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>MG</b>: All moral questions are sensitive to the context in which they arise. I can’t recall a specific idea I gave up, but I will say that it is a single overriding element in my life to do my best to avoid lying to people, misrepresenting things to people, or doing things that I think would have bad consequences. But as you know it is not easy to determine the consequences of any act. As the Buddhists say, “good yields bad, bad yields good”.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">It is not a simplistic series of catchphrases that we want to be concerned with. You have to take people’s intentions into account. Experience often shows that things that you think will be helpful to someone turn out to be harmful to them, and things you think will injure them turn out to strengthen them. So we cannot diminish the complexity of these issues nor do we want to make it simplistic. But I do know that I feel better when I benefit the people I communicate with and I’m deeply embarrassed and feel awkward and inauthentic when the work I do ends up hurting people in any way.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">I can’t talk about individual cases of course, although I’m constantly turning down work that I think is harmful. But so much is harmful that it’s easy to leave yourself without a basis for your economic life, and that, of course, is the conflict that everybody faces. Everything is a matter of degrees and not absolutes. I will say that as a general principle, I attempt to be truthful and not do harm. How that works on individual cases is very often a complex story.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>DLB</b>: In several of your AIGA talks, you have been a very staunch advocate of the importance of ethical thinking for designers. But, outside of a few isolated instances, there does not seem to be a great deal of professional concern about this issue. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Do you find that designers seem resistant to talking about ethics, and if so, why do you think that is?</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>MG</b>: Well, I think it’s difficult to talk about ethics. In part, <span style="background-color: cyan;">it’s difficult because designers are very often pressed into situations where ethical considerations are in conflict with financial needs.</span> If you’re earning $300,000 a year and you’ve got two kids in school, leaving BP would be a very difficult decision. And everybody in life — except for saints and maybe those who are more obsessive than anyone I know — has to compromise in order to balance the elements of their life, and has to arrive at conclusions which don’t hurt them too much ethically, financially, personally and so on.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">"It’s very difficult to [tell] someone else to be more virtuous, to be better or more ethical or as ethical as you are. I hate that crap."</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">It’s very difficult to put yourself in a position where you’re telling someone else to be more virtuous, to be better or more ethical or as ethical as you are. I hate that crap. I hate the kind of ethical baloney that people talk about in their presentation, and then it turns out that they don’t live their life that way. And it’s not something you want to check on in others. All I can say is that you have to determine in your life when you’re willing to lie and what you’re willing to lie for. It is not a question of absolute decisions. Every decision is relative to everything else that is in your life at the time.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">But one of the terrible dangers of ethical discussions is that they soon shift to posing and then it’s like listening to politicians on television. Where does all that preening and posing and posturing come from? The idea of appearing ethical seems to be something that is attractive to people but then when you penetrate the appearance and get to the actual reality of what’s going on, it turns out frequently to be something very different. So I hate to put myself in the position, among others, of saying “I’m an ethical person you should be more like me” because I recognize that everyone is compromised in their lives.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>DLB</b>: One last question about a specific AIGA talk, 10 Things I Have Learned. In that talk you mentioned that the AIGA ethics code only covers business ethics. It doesn’t talk about the ethical responsibility that designers have to the public. You also pointed out that professional licenses like those that doctors have are meant to protect the public from professionals. Do you think it makes sense for designers to be licensed? If so, why aren’t they? If not, why shouldn’t they be?</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>MG</b>: I don’t think you can do it. I don’t think there is a way you could practically, realistically license anybody in the design field. <span style="background-color: cyan;">The nature of the design field, the nature of the exchange of goods in it, the nature of capitalism, and the nature of money all militate against arriving at a kind of statement of purpose that says you’re not going to be uniformly motivated by money. The practical difficulties are just insurmountable.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Finally, I might note that the AIGA statement is 10 years old. The AIGA has changed its stated position and become increasingly conscious of its responsibility to the public. So, while that was true 10 years ago, I don’t think it’s true any longer. They have been explicit about the fact that a designer’s responsibility is not only to the client and professional associates but also to the public. That realization was an important one and I think it is in practice now.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>DLB</b>: Thank you very much for your time.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>MG</b>: My pleasure.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">'it’s difficult because designers are very often pressed into situations where ethical considerations are in conflict with financial needs.'- answers my earlier thoughts on personal circumstance,</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">'The nature of the design field, the nature of the exchange of goods in it, the nature of capitalism, and the nature of money all militate against arriving at a kind of statement of purpose that says you’re not going to be uniformly motivated by money. The practical difficulties are just insurmountable.' States the nature of subjectivity within this subject, the matter is full of issues, and things that effect it, it is also full of different degrees of moral/ ethical choices designers may face, it is a vast topic.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Aesthetics and happiness</strong></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://www.eyemagazine.com/opinion/article/being-good1</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white;">First published in </span><em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Eye</em><span style="background-color: white;"> no. 63 vol. 16 2007</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white;"><br /></span></span><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">For many designers the property of goodness lies primarily in aesthetics. When a piece of work is deemed ‘good’, really what we mean is either that it is to our taste or that we think it has merit for expressing the zeitgeist or being ground-breaking in some way.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">However, if we consider aesthetics more deeply, it relates directly to ‘goodness’ in an ethical sense. <span style="background-color: cyan;">Is our work good if it engenders happiness, for example – if it adds to someone’s quality of life by making the world a more delightful or pleasurable place? This argument runs contrary to the belief that ethical work is necessarily less visually engaging, the result of a misconception that design is a luxury add-on associated primarily with wealth. Perhaps this belies the notion that being an ethical designer requires a self-sacrificial subjugation of artistic drive, with a resulting dissatisfaction and unhappiness?</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">We don’t need to have experienced something to imagine what we would feel if we were in a similar situation to someone else. <span style="background-color: cyan;">Almost all world religions and secular belief systems agree on one principle: the ‘golden rule’, or ethic of reciprocity, that says: ‘treat others as you would wish to be treated’.</span> What this prescribes is consistency between our desires for ourselves and for others. Applying this rule within design might mean we are more polite, take plagiarism more seriously, argue for environmentally friendly print techniques or advocate inclusive design. But this is not as simple as it seems. Take the last example: most designers fear that in order to achieve access for all they will have to adhere to creatively restrictive guidelines. So accessible design could result in exclusion of a different kind – aesthetic refinement. <span style="background-color: cyan;">Could it be argued then that goodness does not lie in the design outcome alone but that the intention of the designer has some bearing as well?</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Our ethos is expressed both professionally and personally but consistency between the two is sometimes hard. In accepting a commission we agree to do a job to the best of our abilities, on time and within budget. In exchange, we have the right to be paid as agreed and not to be hindered in our job. How then do we justify marking up print and not telling the client, or saying yes to a deadline we know to be unachievable – lying in other words? Easy – because clients think nothing of pulling a job at the last minute, are always late themselves and, despite the fundamentally neutral nature of the exchange of money for services, abuse financial power all the time. Is the problem that the market decides all? Free pitching, for example, is unethical, in that clients are being given unprotected design ideas for free, but while ours is a buyer’s market it will continue. The market will not determine best practice, so would some kind of otherwise determined code perhaps be useful?</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Having embarked on this investigation I find that a consensus is emerging. <span style="background-color: cyan;">Grayling argues that ‘A code that says “thou shalt” and “thou shalt not” is inflexible and fits awkwardly with real life, which is complex and protean. Therefore to devise an ethical code for designers, one would do better to say: here are examples of what a responsible and well intentioned designer might be like; go and do likewise’. Implicit in this is a belief that goes far beyond the immediate realms of design: that it is possible to change many things for the better.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The value of considering ethics in any activity lies partly in being forced to question the fundamental nature of things. For designers, the eye may be the window of the soul – but one that is looking out rather than in.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">See also Lucienne’s talk for Eye Forum no. 1, ‘Burning Issues’, held at the RSA, London, 23 Sept 2006 and published in eyemagazine.com.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Quotations below adapted from Good: An Introduction to Ethics in Graphic Design. (AVA Publishing, 2006) by Lucienne Roberts.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A. C. Grayling . . . on who to work for</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">'Even if you don’t personally agree with your client’s message, if the message is a legitimate one, do you take a stand based on your own personal morality or do you act as a professional and continue to provide a service? Professional interests and obligations are perfectly legitimate, and the value of free speech and the value of alternative points of view are so great that it must surely be up to individuals to decide what moral stance they take. It is a matter of personal conscience and degree. But all that said, it remains the case that if something were really such a serious matter for you ethically, then, even if it meant financial loss or other problems, the answer is very, very simple. If it really is a moral make-or-break issue for you, you don’t do things that you don’t agree with.'</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Richard Holloway . . . on tolerance</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">'I know you can take this too far, in that you can become so understanding that you become immobilised, but I hate the way liberals are now dismissed as floppy, spineless people. The evolution of liberal democracy was based on profound ethical values. One basic principle is that tolerance is a fundamental and necessary value because human beings so notoriously disagree with one another [. . .] Don’t tell me liberalism is without a robust, sinewy moral code. But it also believes that on the whole we should leave people to get on with their own lives. John Stuart Mill’s great essay "On Liberty" taught us that the state has the right to stop me harming you, it doesn’t have the right to stop me harming myself.'</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Jacqueline Roach . . . on having influence</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">'When it comes to graphic design, isn’t it better not to walk away from jobs on ethical grounds, but to ask if there’s some way that you can have influence, something you can bring? Otherwise, I would have said that the law is racist and sexist, and not had anything to do with it. Your job and mine are about influence and persuasion. A judge may well have certain views at the beginning of the case and different ones by the end. Most certainly those views are not going to be challenged if I’m not there.'</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Richard Holloway . . . on capitalism</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">'The market is a glorious thing, but it is also a monster that devours its children. Many of us, designers included, have to admit to being prostitutes in that sense – selling a talent on behalf of this great monster, the most terrifyingly powerful thing on the globe [. . .] There’s nothing wrong with making money, and there’s nothing wrong with exploiting your talent, but I think you probably need a philosophy that says in addition to that: I’m a citizen of the world; I want the world to be as good a place for me and my children and my grandchildren as it can be; so I can’t simply be the hand that draws or the eye behind the lens; I also need to be committed and engaged in other areas.'</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Delyth Morgan . . . on success</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">'I believe that we are better served by being part of a community and helping each other, than as individuals fighting for our own turf. I was motivated by the idea of us holding hands together and trying to create a better world together. I used to commission graphic design and so obviously I’m aware of how insecure the self-employed designer feels. I think it is a very wise person who understands how unimportant they are in the grand scheme of things and can rise above their immediate feelings of vulnerability and fragility. The important thing is to ask: ‘What am I really trying to do? What are my measures of success?’ For a designer there are perhaps sometimes incompatible desires, like wanting to make a difference in the world and be rated from a pure design perspective among your peers.'</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A. C. Grayling on . . . self and aesthetics</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">'I’ve always thought that if you want to live a good life, and to do good in the world, you’ve got to be good to yourself. You have a responsibility to be a good steward of your own gifts, and you’ve got to take care of yourself in order to be a more flourishing, effective person [. . .]</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">'If one sought to be altruistic at the expense of one’s own interest all the time, the risk is that it would eventually undermine even one’s ability to be good to others. Ethics is an inclusive notion. It’s about the whole quality of life. The aesthetic becomes really vital to that because to live in a social and political setting which is pleasing, enticing and attractive, and which is full of interest, detail, colour and movement increases the quality of life [. . .]<span style="background-color: cyan;"> Every aspect of our lives is touched constantly by considerations of the quality of our experience. So there is a deep connection between the aesthetic and the ethical.'</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Richard Holloway . . . on creative value</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">'There is a current philosophical debate in the arts community about the difference between an instrumental and an intrinsic good. An instrumental good is something that’s good for something else, whereas an intrinsic good is something that’s good in itself. The argument around fine art is that its value lies in its being produced for its own sake not for social regeneration or social renewal – but in fact it has always been both, it has never been just one. Good art is also good for other things. So good design will please your client, it will maybe help a product sell better, but it also improves life for everyone because it can become something that’s lovely in its own right.'</span></div>
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Amy Hillhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17229705333818130350noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2448256174762267878.post-12353246520139224842014-10-27T12:06:00.000-07:002015-01-13T03:54:13.323-08:00Against 'First Things First'<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ten Footnotes to a Manifesto</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Micheal Beirut </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">2007</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">- http://practiceincontext4.files.wordpress.com/2010/08/bierut_10_footnotes.pdf</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">These footnotes are a critique of the first things first manifesto 2000, not the original manifesto of 1964. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Micheal Beirut is a well established designer, who works for Pentagram, his work is mainly commercial.</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"> </span><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 22px;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Before becoming partners with Pentagram in 1990 he worked for ten years at Vignelli Associates, as a vice president.</span></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 22px;">I think in the first footnote, the point Beirut is making is that the re-edited version of the manifesto was initialised and supported by some very well known and respected designers including Tibor Kalman. And so with his name to it of course others would sign it to in amongst the one of the most well-known and respected designers of the time. Really it would be silly not to, if you had been asked. Almost like you couldn't really refuse. As well as this Beirut says that the commercial work that was shown in contrast to the cause-related graphics, where 'presented without comment' meaning they had no context or description, and so they weren't fairly represented, which made the other graphics look even better.</span></span></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 22px;">'In short, with some exceptions... the First Things First thirty-three have specialised in extraordinary beautiful things for the cultural elite.' the second foot note describes the fact that all of the signatories are well known in their own field by people who are only in the know, so maybe other designers, or academics, they are not known by the public, and do not design for general society. And so the manifesto really only circulates within the circle of designers. It is also a comment upon the finical position of the signatories, it is easier to be ethical when you're in a good place, when you have the money and support. </span></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 22px;">In the third footnote, is the explanation of the perceived differences between design and advertising, how the manifesto makes it appear that advertising 'does work that persuades' and 'graphic designers do work that inform.' Which Beirut describes as the first being bad and the second good, but he then goes on to point out that persuasive communication is not always 'bad' 'Gran Fury's work in the fight against HIV, or the Guerrilla Girls' agitation for gender equality in the fine arts.' And so really this is not a valid critique upon the persuasive techniques of advertising / or design, and really designers 'have long dwelled at the bottom of the </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 22px;">pond.' Just used for making things look good. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 22px;">Again this footnote relates back to a point made in footnote 2, about how the normality the manifesto is so against. In this argument Beirut stated that all of the products mentioned, in the the list of 'no's', are in fact normal, that normal people come into contact with everyday. And why is any commercial product unworthy of attention, products deserve the same 'measure of beauty, wit, or intelligence', and the public also should see this. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 22px;">Beirut also points out a large contradiction within Tibor Kalmans avid support in the fact that he himself has done a lot of commercial work that many people are not aware is his, Beirut also seems to mock that is this okay as long as its anonymous, and in a third world country, which to me is an extremely good argument for many reasons. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 22px;">'The First Things First vision of consumer capitalism is a stark one. Human beings have little or no critical faculties.' Again a valid point suggesting that society is not aware of the tricks of design or advertising, when in fact we are more aware than ever, the manifesto goes onto say 'designer puppetmasters have hypnotised them with things like colours and typefaces.' To me means that this statement suggests that people who aren't designers are tricked by basics like colour and type, it again suggests people are simple and easy to trick , they do not possess </span>inquisitiveness.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">What would we do instead ? 'What will happen when the best designers withdraw from that space ... if they decline to fill it with passion ... who will fill the vacuum ? Who benefits ? And what exactly are we supposed to do instead ?' I think this is Beiruts way of saying the grass isn't always greener on the other side, what would fill the void, could it be worse. As well as this is it possible to just say no, and unless everyone drops out there will not be a significant change.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">This paragraph discusses that design that has a really beneficial impact upon society often does not look overly attractive and is overlooked due to this fact, and so 'good' design is functional and practical, but it won't win awards, like the nutritional label. The work of Adbusters is interesting (visually) and it will win awards for this, it also will be noticed, yet it is not in particular helpful to society. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">(However in reflection of this point the designer of the food label, did win an award for his design.)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Is any cause a good cause ? 'Yet, like many cultural institutions, they are supported by philanthropy from many large corporations, including the generous Phillip Morris Companies.' (Phillip Morris is one of the largest cigarette companies in the world) ' So am I supporting an admirable effort to bring the arts to new audience ? Am I helping to buff the public image of a corporation that sells thing that cause cancer ? Come to think of it, don't I know a lot of graphic designers who smoke ?' What I think Beirut is saying is that its a little contradictive, and that although it originally starts as being something deemed as good they are usually endorsed by large corporations to be able to exist, and does that mean if you do work for a smaller institution supported by the larger is it really any good at all ? There is no real absolute 'good' cause. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">This paragraph is a comment upon the fact that the choice is not black or white, 'The greatest designers have always found ways to align the aims of their corporate clients with their own personal interests and, ultimately, with the public good.' I think that this is a positive statement from Beirut it shows that he isn't against the idea but he is realistic. And the phrase 'a new kind of meaning' from the manifesto is very ambiguous , and designers do this anyway. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">'What a disappointment to learn that this revolution is aimed at replacing mass manipulation for commercial ends with mass manipulation for cultural and political ends.' There is no better, and no clear choice. Beirut goes on to make his final point, he quotes Bill Golden (the creator of CBS eye) ' I happen to believe that the visual environment... improves each time a designer produces a good design- and in no other way.' He believes and supports this quote, saying that commercial work is not easy and not unworthy of attention and respect (from other designers) it is not a lesser form of design. 'Lasn, Dixon, Poynor, and the signers of First Things First are right that graphic design can be a potent tool to battle these trends.' Meaning other uncommercial work can be done, and be different to the norm, but 'in the end, the promise of design is about a simple thing: common decency.' And that fours years after writing the original manifesto Ken Garland wrote that the real clients are the public, and they are the 'recipients of our work, they're the ones who matter.' Quoting this Beirut argues that 'they [the public] deserve at the very least the simple, civic minded gift of well-designed dog biscuit package.' And that those who judge must think that this is an easy, unworthy , untalented thing but in fact its not, that is why is why any design created by a designer etc is not unworthy of admiration and respect.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">From reading and analysing this piece of writing I feel that my views have changed slightly and I feel that these footnotes put the manifesto into real world perspective, I now feel that the second First Things First manifesto written is too unrealistic, I support the original manifesto by Garland but some of the points in Beirut's piece reside with me as well, in particular the last comment upon how all design should valued. However I do still believe there are some immoral choices a designer can be faced with and it should be the duty of the designer to not endorse them to the public if it could harm them, but it is not solely the designers responsibility, it never has or never will be.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 22px;">I have then found another article online that also supports the thoughts of Beirut and some of my own I have highlighted the key parts of the text, which are also symmetrical to the Ten Footnotes points.</span></span></span>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Designs on morality</span><br />
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<span class="date"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">15 April 1999</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i>'The idea of the "designer as mediator" used to be uncontroversial. Designers agreed that their role was to communicate the client's message in the most effective and accessible way to a given or mass audience. But this idea is under attack - increasingly, designers are not just communicating a message, but are asking whether that message is "ethical" and whether it fits in with their personal beliefs.</i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i>At first sight graphic designers "choosing" to be more "ethical" and "taking responsibility" for the ideas that they are asked to communicate sounds fairly innocuous. It is often posed as a personal view. If that were so this column would not see the light of day and the many debates that are taking place would be unnecessary. We all have our private views, but they are of little consequence to others. But when a private view is propagated in a public forum it is no longer a private view and must be scrutinised.</i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i>We all draw lines that we refuse to go beyond - many of us will not consider doing the "free pitch" and would certainly (I hope) not get involved in bitching about our contemporaries. Similarly, we would all like to work for clients with whom we feel a close association,whether it be charities or institutions that we support, and many of us dream of having a client base made up of people we have come to regard as friends.</i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i>But the call for designers to be more "ethical" has more far reaching consequences than we might imagine. There is a real danger that the progress made in getting a broader hearing for the benefits of design will be lost as the industry turns on itself, offering false promises and ethical dilemmas. We pass up the idea of mediation in favour of an "ethical approach" at our peril.</i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i>I remember being excited and inspired when I first came across the idea of designer as mediator. The essential and elementary role of the graphic designer - to pour all their energy and experience into interpreting an idea and rendering it understandable for a particular or mass audience - is what determines the unique position of graphic design in modern society. I compared the designer as mediator to the translator who allowed people from different continents to communicate. But today it seems that this is just not good enough.</i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i>On the contrary, the role of the "ethical designer" is to question the content and the purpose of the message. At the Points of View series of lectures at the Royal College of Art in London, Kalle Lasn, founder of the Canadian radical Adbusters magazine, complained that too many graphic designers are acting like car mechanics - they fix the broken-down car, but don't voice any concern about the "fact" that the car is a killer and is destroying the environment. Lasn's proposition was taken to its logical conclusion at another debate when one speaker said that the argument of the designer as mediator was a bit like the argument used by the guards at Auschwitz concentration camp - "don't blame us, we're just following orders".</i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i>The graphic designer is at best reduced to simply being a technician (apologies to the car mechanic), and at worst is charged with toeing the line in the same unthinking way as Nazis followed orders. Thanks very much.</i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i><span style="background-color: white;">But this is not a question of designers as automatons who follow orders from big bad companies and do whatever they tell us. </span><span style="background-color: cyan;">As graphic designers, we have a responsibility to get on with the job at hand - communicating the ideas and products of others to the people who are being asked to buy into them. It must be their decision whether they do or not.</span></i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i><span style="background-color: white;">The problem with this discussion is,</span><span style="background-color: cyan;"> paradoxically, it undermines the role of graphic design while at the same time according it too much importance </span><span style="background-color: white;">(bear with me). The notion that designers should be responsible for an idea or product puts too much emphasis on the generation of ideas rather than their transmission. The recent discussion about designers "rebranding Britain" played a big part in inflating designers' egos by suggesting that they could "create" a new national identity and with it determine what and why people should celebrate.</span></i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i style="background-color: cyan;">Furthermore, the idea that consumers will simply swallow up every "message" a designer creates implies not only that consumers are suckers, but also that designers are all-powerful.</i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i><span style="background-color: cyan;">Designers are not and should not think they are responsible for someone else's ideas.</span><span style="background-color: white;"> So let us be as unethical as we want. Let us - as graphic designers - leave the "messages" to those who write our briefs, and get on with communicating and being creative.'</span></i></span></div>
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<a href="http://www.pinterest.com/pin/create/extension/" style="background-image: url(data:image/png; border: none; cursor: pointer; display: none; height: 20px; line-height: 0; min-height: 20px; min-width: 40px; opacity: 0.85; position: absolute; width: 40px; z-index: 8675309;"></a><a href="http://www.pinterest.com/pin/create/extension/" style="background-image: url(data:image/png; border: none; cursor: pointer; display: none; height: 20px; line-height: 0; min-height: 20px; min-width: 40px; opacity: 0.85; position: absolute; width: 40px; z-index: 8675309;"></a>Amy Hillhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17229705333818130350noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2448256174762267878.post-43922271772737480132014-10-27T12:05:00.002-07:002015-01-13T03:54:13.361-08:00First things First (a manifesto)<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The First Things First manifesto was written 29 November 1963 and published in 1964 by Ken Garland. It was backed by over 400 graphic designers and artists and also received the backing of Tony Benn, radical left-wing MP and activist, who published it in its entirety in the Guardian newspaper.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Reacting against a rich and affluent Britain of the 1960s, it tried to re-radicalise a design industry which the signatories felt had become lazy and uncritical. Drawing on ideas shared by Critical Theory, the Frankfurt School and the counter-culture of the time it explicitly re-affirmed the belief that Design is not a neutral, value-free process.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">It rallied against the consumerist culture that was purely concerned with buying and selling things and tried to highlight a Humanist dimension to graphic design theory. It was later updated and republished with a new group of signatories as the First Things First 2000 manifesto.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">I would say its clear Garland wanted graphic design to be more than materialistic, he appealed to designers to design for society, a purpose and a function.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 22px;">However he states 'we do not advocate the abolition of high pressure consumer advertising: this is not feasible.' Which means he realises the limits of the idea of being completely anti-consumer, as people will always want to buy, he himself at this time designed work for a toy company, but I think that is the choice of whether the company/product/outcome are actually harmful or detrimental to society, like designing food packaging for children when you know it is of no nutritional value, that to me is a bad choice , a toy company is perhaps a lesser evil. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 22px;">I agree with Ken Garland in this statement I do think that completely abolishing consumer advertising is not feasible, and graphic designers still need to earn a wage to live, but again as I have stated I think there are certain choices you can make in the right direction. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 22px;">This manifesto seemed to of had an effect on designers and resonated with some of them as in 2000, a re-draft of the first things first manifesto was devised, not by Ken Garland but by Rick Poynor. (though Ken Garland did sign it)</span></span></div>
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<i style="line-height: 18px;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">'We, the undersigned, are graphic designers, art directors and visual communicators who have been raised in a world in which the techniques and apparatus of advertising have persistently been presented to us as the most lucrative, effective and desirable use of our talents. Many design teachers and mentors promote this belief; the market rewards it; a tide of books and publications reinforces it.</span></i></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Encouraged in this direction, designers then apply their skill and imagination to sell dog biscuits, designer coffee, diamonds, detergents, hair gel, cigarettes, credit cards, sneakers, butt toners, light beer and heavy-duty recreational vehicles. Commercial work has always paid the bills, but many graphic designers have now let it become, in large measure, what graphic designers do. This, in turn, is how the world perceives design. The profession’s time and energy is used up manufacturing demand for things that are inessential at best.</span></i></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Many of us have grown increasingly uncomfortable with this view of design. Designers who devote their efforts primarily to advertising, marketing and brand development are supporting, and implicitly endorsing, a mental environment so saturated with commercial messages that it is changing the very way citizen-consumers speak, think, feel, respond and interact. To some extent we are all helping draft a reductive and immeasurably harmful code of public discourse.</span></i></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">There are pursuits more worthy of our problem-solving skills. Unprecedented environmental, social and cultural crises demand our attention. Many cultural interventions, social marketing campaigns, books, magazines, exhibitions, educational tools, television programmes, films, charitable causes and other information design projects urgently require our expertise and help.</span></i></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">We propose a reversal of priorities in favour of more useful, lasting and democratic forms of communication – a mindshift away from product marketing and toward the exploration and production of a new kind of meaning. The scope of debate is shrinking; it must expand. Consumerism is running uncontested; it must be challenged by other perspectives expressed, in part, through the visual languages and resources of design.</span></i></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">In 1964, 22 visual communicators signed the original call for our skills to be put to worthwhile use. With the explosive growth of global commercial culture, their message has only grown more urgent. Today, we renew their manifesto in expectation that no more decades will pass before it is taken to heart.</span></i></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="background-color: white;">Jonathan Barnbrook</span><br /><span style="background-color: white;">Nick Bell</span><br /><span style="background-color: white;">Andrew Blauvelt</span><br /><span style="background-color: white;">Hans Bockting</span><br /><span style="background-color: white;">Irma Boom</span><br /><span style="background-color: white;">Sheila Levrant de Bretteville</span><br /><span style="background-color: white;">Max Bruinsma</span><br /><span style="background-color: white;">Siân Cook</span><br /><span style="background-color: white;">Linda van Deursen</span><br /><span style="background-color: white;">Chris Dixon</span><br /><span style="background-color: white;">William Drenttel</span><br /><span style="background-color: white;">Gert Dumbar</span><br /><span style="background-color: white;">Simon Esterson</span><br /><span style="background-color: white;">Vince Frost</span><br /><span style="background-color: yellow;">Ken Garland</span><br /><span style="background-color: yellow;">Milton Glaser</span><br /><span style="background-color: white;">Jessica Helfand</span><br /><span style="background-color: white;">Steven Heller</span><br /><span style="background-color: white;">Andrew Howard</span><br /><span style="background-color: yellow;">Tibor Kalman</span><br /><span style="background-color: white;">Jeffery Keedy</span><br /><span style="background-color: white;">Zuzana Licko</span><br /><span style="background-color: white;">Ellen Lupton</span><br /><span style="background-color: white;">Katherine McCoy</span><br /><span style="background-color: white;">Armand Mevis</span><br /><span style="background-color: white;">J. Abbott Miller</span><br /><span style="background-color: white;">Rick Poynor</span><br /><span style="background-color: white;">Lucienne Roberts</span><br /><span style="background-color: white;">Erik Spiekermann</span><br /><span style="background-color: white;">Jan van Toorn</span><br /><span style="background-color: white;">Teal Triggs</span><br /><span style="background-color: white;">Rudy VanderLans</span><br /><span style="background-color: white;">Bob Wilkinson'</span></span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">The manifesto clearly had gained a lot of significant supporters, the ones I have highlighted have been mentioned in particular in my own reading and studies, and I think that this shows the international recognition for this cause and that it was and is at the forefront of most graphic designers minds.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">This manifesto is a little more aggressive than the previous, 'Consumerism is running uncontested: it must be challenged.' Poynor is suggesting a challenge to the system. The change in the tone of the manifestos now drives towards the abolition of consume culture.The tone also suggests more urgency.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">I think that this is a good idea but at the same time, what would replace consumerism ? I think that it will never be abolished, but we can work for more ethical companies and morally right reasons, however graphic design doesn't always have to be serious and I think that this is a flaw of the manifesto, it doesn't give room for design that is less formal and more fun. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">Other points made in this manifesto:</span></span></div>
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<li><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">The product mentioned in this manifesto have a more serious, unethical problem behind them for instance, sneakers, a lot of sneaker companies use factories in third world countries and employ children as their workers.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">The rising cost of the products suggest that consumer culture is growing more and more, for instance diamonds are now in the list of items.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">the word 'visual communicators' is now used to describe a wider variety of people in the creative industry, meaning it is not just designers that can make a change. </span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">Poynor also suggests that 'commercial messages are changing the very way citizen-consumers speak, think, feel and interact.' meaning that society is being simplified, a certain 'dumbing down'.</span></span></li>
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Amy Hillhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17229705333818130350noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2448256174762267878.post-63213503696207453882014-10-27T12:05:00.001-07:002015-01-13T03:54:13.377-08:00The Role and Influence of Mass Media Theories<span style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">http://www.cliffsnotes.com/sciences/sociology/contemporary-mass-media/the-role-and-influence-of-mass-media</span></span><br />
<span style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 21px;"><br /></span></span></span>
<span style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 21px;">Mass media is a significant force in modern culture, particularly in America. Sociologists refer to this as a </span><span style="line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">mediated culture</span><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 21px;">where media reflects and creates the culture.</span></span></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; font-weight: normal; line-height: 21px;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Without the ability of movies, magazines, and news media to reach across thousands of miles, people could not become famous. In fact, only political and business leaders, as well as the few notorious outlaws, were famous in the past.</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;"> </span></span></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; line-height: 21px;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Although TV and the Internet have dominated the mass media, movies and magazines—particularly those lining the aisles at grocery checkout stands—also play a powerful role in culture, as do other forms of media.</span></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; line-height: 21px;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">While opinions vary as to the extent and type of influence the mass media wields, all sides agree that mass media is a permanent part of modern culture. Three main sociological perspectives on the role of media exist: the limited‐effects theory, the class‐dominant theory, and the culturalist theory.</span></span><br />
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<span style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Limited-effects theory:</span></span></h3>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=2448256174762267878" name="zgourides6157c16-sec2-0001" style="line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;"></a><span style="background-color: cyan;"><span style="line-height: 21px;">The </span><span style="line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">limited‐effects theory</span><span style="line-height: 21px;"> argues that because people generally choose what to watch or read based on what they already believe, media exerts a negligible influence.</span></span><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 21px;"> This theory originated and was tested in the 1940s and 1950s. Studies that examined the ability of media to influence voting found that well‐informed people relied more on personal experience, prior knowledge, and their own reasoning. However, media “experts” more likely swayed those who were less informed. </span><span style="background-color: cyan; line-height: 21px;">Critics point to two problems with this perspective. First, they claim that limited‐effects theory ignores the media's role in framing and limiting the discussion and debate of issues. </span><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 21px;">How media frames the debate and what questions members of the media ask change the outcome of the discussion and the possible conclusions people may draw. </span><span style="background-color: cyan; line-height: 21px;">Second, this theory came into existence when the availability and dominance of media was far less widespread.</span></span><br />
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<span style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Class-dominant theory:</span></span></h3>
<sect1 id="zgourides6157c16-sec2-0002" style="line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=2448256174762267878" name="zgourides6157c16-sec2-0002" style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=2448256174762267878" name="zgourides6157c16-sec2-0002" style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;"></a><span style="background-color: cyan;">The <span style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">class‐dominant theory</span> argues that the media reflects and projects the view of a minority elite, which controls it. Those people who own and control the corporations that produce media comprise this elite.</span> Advocates of this view concern themselves particularly with massive corporate mergers of media organizations, which limit competition and put big business at the reins of media—especially news media. Their concern is that when ownership is restricted, a few people then have the ability to manipulate what people can see or hear.<span style="background-color: cyan;"> For example, owners can easily avoid or silence stories that expose unethical corporate behavior or hold corporations responsible for their actions.</span></span></sect1><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The issue of sponsorship adds to this problem. Advertising dollars fund most media. Networks aim programming at the largest possible audience because the broader the appeal, the greater the potential purchasing audience and the easier selling air time to advertisers becomes. <span style="background-color: cyan;">Thus, news organizations may shy away from negative stories about corporations (especially parent corporations) that finance large advertising campaigns in their newspaper or on their stations. </span>Television networks receiving millions of dollars in advertising from companies like Nike and other textile manufacturers were slow to run stories on their news shows about possible human‐rights violations by these companies in foreign countries. Media watchers identify the same problem at the local level where city newspapers will not give new cars poor reviews or run stories on selling a home without an agent because the majority of their funding comes from auto and real estate advertising. This influence also extends to programming. In the 1990s a network cancelled a short‐run drama with clear religious sentiments, <em style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">Christy,</em> because, although highly popular and beloved in rural America, the program did not rate well among young city dwellers that advertisers were targeting in ads. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: cyan;">Critics of this theory counter these arguments by saying that local control of news media largely lies beyond the reach of large corporate offices elsewhere, and that the quality of news depends upon good journalists.</span> <span style="background-color: cyan;">They contend that those less powerful and not in control of media have often received full media coverage and subsequent support. As examples they name numerous environmental causes, the anti‐nuclear movement, the anti‐Vietnam movement, and the pro‐Gulf War movement.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">While most people argue that a corporate elite controls media, a variation on this approach argues that a politically “liberal” elite controls media. They point to the fact that journalists, being more highly educated than the general population, hold more liberal political views, consider themselves “left of center,” and are more likely to register as Democrats. They further point to examples from the media itself and the statistical reality that the media more often labels conservative commentators or politicians as “conservative” than liberals as “liberal.”</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Media language can be revealing, too. Media uses the terms “arch” or “ultra” conservative, but rarely or never the terms “arch” or “ultra” liberal. Those who argue that a political elite controls media also point out that the movements that have gained media attention—the environment, anti‐nuclear, and anti‐Vietnam—generally support liberal political issues. Predominantly conservative political issues have yet to gain prominent media attention, or have been opposed by the media. Advocates of this view point to the Strategic Arms Initiative of the 1980s Reagan administration. Media quickly characterized the defense program as “Star Wars,” linking it to an expensive fantasy. The public failed to support it, and the program did not get funding or congressional support.</span></div>
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<span style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Culturalist theory:</span></span></h3>
<sect1 style="line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;"><sect1 id="zgourides6157c16-sec2-0003" style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=2448256174762267878" name="zgourides6157c16-sec2-0003" style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;"></a><span style="background-color: cyan;">The <span style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">culturalist theory</span>, developed in the 1980s and 1990s, combines the other two theories and claims that people interact with media to create their own meanings out of the images and messages they receive. This theory sees audiences as playing an active rather than passive role in relation to mass media.</span> One strand of research focuses on the audiences and how they interact with media; the other strand of research focuses on those who produce the media, particularly the news.</span></sect1></sect1><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Theorists emphasize that audiences choose what to watch among a wide range of options, choose how much to watch, and may choose the mute button or the VCR remote over the programming selected by the network or cable station. Studies of mass media done by sociologists parallel text‐reading and interpretation research completed by linguists (people who study language). <span style="background-color: cyan;">Both groups of researchers find that when people approach material, whether written text or media images and messages, they interpret that material based on their own knowledge and experience. </span>Thus, when researchers ask different groups to explain the meaning of a particular song or video, the groups produce widely divergent interpretations based on age, gender, race, ethnicity, and religious background. Therefore, culturalist theorists claim that, while a few elite in large corporations may exert significant control over what information media produces and distributes, personal perspective plays a more powerful role in how the audience members interpret those messages.</span></div>
Amy Hillhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17229705333818130350noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2448256174762267878.post-29056884527722505122014-10-19T10:39:00.000-07:002015-01-13T03:54:13.342-08:00Inside the Great Magazines: Episode 3<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Episode 3 </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><u>Mags, Inc.</u></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">(extraordinary influence)</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Media Universe of todays society, </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">never have we been so exposed to information</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">both images and text</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The magazine is in crisis due to the facile content many now print, </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">our hyper-capitalist view = the main objective to make money</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">For instance TIME magazine used to be almost a primary source of information, but now it is rivalled with the internet and 24hr news channels. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The role of the magazine is changing rapidly. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The new american magazine culture all exists in one place, and the who's who dines at 'Micheal's' where you sit determines how high up you are. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Conde Nast</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Are the three main magazine companies of america and the world. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">But it is an ever-changing market, Time Inc had been the most affected.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">How do you sell news and information ? And what is the future or magazines ?</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Editors, writers and photographers are what made a magazine their passion and enthusiasm. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The consumer is less interested now, as they are overloaded with information.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Time Inc reported losses of around $99 billion</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">What will sustain the magazine ?</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A greater need for knowing how to sell magazines is being sought after. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">However Time Inc is still one of the most powerful and Time Warner is the largest media company in the world.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Now magazines and their content are interested in their marketing strategy, they mainly stick to the comfortable, un controversial so that they do not upset their sponsors and advertisers. People are made to feel happy, not upset or disturbed and this happiness encourages sales.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Celebrities have become essential for selling magazines, and feature on almost every front cover. It is a billion dollar industry. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Even paparazzi question the interest in celebrities, one might be risking their lives in war trying to get a photograph that will sell for $500 whereas another may see a celebrity drinking a coffee and earn $10,000 for that image. Celebrities sell.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>The Tatler</b> was a magazine created purely for gossip, and created itself as a giant at the height of Princess Diana and the royal wedding selling the ideal of English heritage and lifestyle is was hugely popular. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Vanity Fair</b>, created in the 1920's had almost completely vanished and no editors wanted to revitalise the magazine except Tina Brown. (The magazine was bought by Conde Nast)</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">They then began portraying celebrities and hit gold. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Annie Leibovitz shot one of the most controversial images that was to be used on the cover of Vanity Fair. This was of Demi Moore, pregnant and nude. It was completely shocking to see a pregnant woman nude.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Vanity Fair also had a counter strand of deeper more important content but according to Tina Brown this is dying out.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Celebrities are becoming the only thing that magazines will cover.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Bonnie Fuller, turned Star into a magazine which is immensely popular filled with everything about celebrities, full of idiotic information, like a celebrity getting a coffee.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">These magazines have become glossy, seductive, and slightly pornographic.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Money is the main motivator</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">There can't be our profit and the whole truth.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Tina Brown also states that there are other things going on in the world that no-one is writing about and one day we will regret it massively. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Magazine do still need to cover the big stories, such as the war in Iraq (TIME) </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">3 Reporters lived with the 'Tomb Raiders' a patrol of american solders in Iraq, many reporters are now finding themselves going to the most dangerous places in the world and doing it with a huge risk or death, kidnapping, injury etc, to date (of the documentary) 35 journalists where killed at war, a dozen of them where actually targeted purposefully. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The 3 reporters shot the diversity in the military </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Billy Grimes amongst the solders was a female field paramedic.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">One evening all 3 reporters where returning to base when a grenade was thrown into the van and one reporter picked it up thinking it was a stone when in fact it was a grenade he attempted to throw it out of the vehicle but it detonated and blew of his hand and injured one of the other reporters. Billy Grimes in the vehicle behind jumped out to their aid and her tourniquet is said to have saved the reporters life.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">No other annual issue sells more than TIME's man of the year issue. The American Solder was selected as the 'man/person of the year' that year, the cover featured the 'diversity' of solders including Billy Grimes. And the issue had a 16 page spread on the solders and the story of the reporters. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">5.6 million copies where printed of this issue (first print)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">And then spread across the globe. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">However this can be seen as a marketing scheme, good with investors and share-holders, the focus was on the young men and women risking their lives for their country. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The selection for the issue was controversial to others. Some saw it as an 'American Fabrication' , but it made the solders feel appreciated, different perspectives on the world. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Paris Match</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">coverage still attracts readers, </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">they cover big news and when there isn't a big story they look into celebrities and personalities.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Denounce injustice, promotes democracy</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">looks at all parts of life, everything</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Magazines conveyers of meaning.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Colors </b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">One magazine that relies on corporate patronage but still brings an independent perspective. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Created in Treviso, funded by the United Colors of Benetton, yet they keep an arms distance and let the magazine and its writers have their freedom. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">New global view about the human condition, its about doing things no one else covers.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Provocative in that it has no celebrity focus, 'the rest of the world' is its focus and slogan.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Their content has upset and disrupted people, it covers unpleasant and ugly issues, its unfamiliar </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">It also shows to the world its not all about America</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">and that the world is full of complications and interesting, communities that are left out of mass media are covered.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Vice</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">originally named Voice, but had to change their name</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">"no voice, no national voice for what we want" - Shane Smith, co-founder of Vice</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Gavin McInnes is the other founder,</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">criticise what is happening to magazines in todays culture and so instead of just criticising they created there own magazine, </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">a revolution in publishing</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">for the '18-35' year old urbanite</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">and is now distributed in 18 more countries</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">'Hipster Culture' a huge culture that isn't covered in mass media, </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Liberating the the 'unbeautiful' and ignored, one issue covered disabled people, and the mentally ill </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Protocol has killed journalism and art</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">in Kabul is the first womens magazine in a decade, where the women who are editing the magazine are trying to bring Afghani women into the 21st century, talking about issues and spreading the word, this is the basis of all magazines. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Do we still need great magazines ? </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Story telling is a fundamental in our lives, and narratives of who we are.</span><br />
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<br />Amy Hillhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17229705333818130350noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2448256174762267878.post-32995418336209199682014-10-19T08:45:00.002-07:002015-01-13T03:54:13.351-08:00Inside the Great Magazines: Episode 2<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Episode 2</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><u><br /></u></span>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><u>Igniting Social Change</u></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><u><br /></u></span>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">In the later half of the twentieth century there was a lot more social upheaval. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Magazines where at the forefront of these movements. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Dramatic changes happened. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Cosmopolitan </b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Helen Gurley Brown the founder of Cosmopolitan magazine</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">the magazine was controversial at the time, now it can be found all over the world, and is one of the most successful women's magazine. At the forefront of the sexual revolution of the 60s/70s.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Ebony</b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The first magazine to represent black african/americans, about hope and positivity, the impact is undeniable, and the editor reflected the world as he wanted it to be through his magazine, i.e. equal rights for all races. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">It began in Chicago, in Johnson Publication House, obtained by asking a white friend to pose as the owner to buy the space, he (Johnson) posed as a janitor, as no-one would sell to a black person. Shows the segregation in the society at the time and the desperate need Johnson felt to change the status quo. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Before Ebony was created there was an almost complete white-out in the press. And this is why he created his own digest, inspired by the photographs in LIFE. And his belief in himself instilled by his mother who told him he could do anything he wanted and believed that he would.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Before the incidents of Rosa Parks on the bus and the civil rights movements Ebony had only portrayed positive light-hearted pieces that would not upset the advertisers. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Nat King Cole rang Johnson and urged him to cover what was happening in the movement, at this point Johnson realised his responsibility to write about what was happening and who others, he realised his influence of his magazine. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">As they where covering this, Martin Luther King was assassinated. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Playboy</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Created in the 1950's, by Hugh Hefner </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Again the forefront of the sexual revolution, from the male perspective, it represented mens ideals, and was created by Hugh Hefner whom has expressed he did this as a result of a repressed childhood. In his late teens he was sent to the army, in which he drew cartoons to entertain the men, he found the most popular where the caricatures of glamorous women. He tapped into this and went with a rogue energy spirit. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Marilyn Monroe graced the first magazine cover and was one of the first nude models in the magazine. Which was shocking for the time, but as issues sold it became more and more acceptable. Hugh Hefner also created the idea of the 'centrefold' model. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">By the 1960's 1 in 4 men bought Playboy magazine, and felt the need to be a part of the Playboy club, all the while Hugh Hefner built the Playboy empire, amongst the first was the Playboy club, restaurant/ bar. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">He labelled the magazine as a 'gentlemen's magazine' </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">So there was Playboy for men, and Cosmopolitan for women. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Helen Gurley Brown was swayed by her husband to create the magazine after she wrote the book, Sex and the Single Girl. </span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzgz7ReVUfLT-49uIBrJIBeIiXTV1e8iZ8CNquoivqOUJf3dEVDzQekwVR1GRLWHW506mTZ6hvgKEqEOLeYI0SqqdFcir62o2Q_zvIumnMnsoKI1TXAjDAdSB3hd_1nXS17W9NPPby77k/s1600/41GLcpzTPAL._SY344_BO1,204,203,200_.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzgz7ReVUfLT-49uIBrJIBeIiXTV1e8iZ8CNquoivqOUJf3dEVDzQekwVR1GRLWHW506mTZ6hvgKEqEOLeYI0SqqdFcir62o2Q_zvIumnMnsoKI1TXAjDAdSB3hd_1nXS17W9NPPby77k/s1600/41GLcpzTPAL._SY344_BO1,204,203,200_.jpg" height="320" width="218" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">She used the book as a basis, and credits her husband for writing all of the magazines cover blurbs. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Rolling Stone</b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">John Wenner the co-founder of the magazine was spurred to create this magazine out of his feelings of not belonging, from his parents divorce where he says he felt like they where arguing about who would be left with him not who wanted him. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">There was no magazine that covered the music of the time, which had become a huge part of counter-culture, the magazine also covered politics and had an anti-authority view. And these type of figures co-created the magazine alongside Wenner. Among this team was Hunter S Thomson, considered the most influential writer at the time. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">In the 1980s Annie Leibovitz was sent to photograph John Lennon for a piece in the magazine, he specified Yoko Ono had to be in the photographs too. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The next day John Lennon was shot dead, and the magazine created a whole issue in his memory and the photograph the he had said optimised himself and Ono's relationship was the front cover of the special issue. </span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLb_Aaa6rCyjGLfOIgKTDRfnOdFBbmxcQi5bi9zaO6Ymy4VDU0m41MDLXugQB_91Sz6baawwCj62wXrsTB1KA8P8MF9umSJjHAY2Ozv4U2_mGKCWI2nc5G1lHLOix6-JBPErvvvNx1rqc/s1600/Leibovitz00.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLb_Aaa6rCyjGLfOIgKTDRfnOdFBbmxcQi5bi9zaO6Ymy4VDU0m41MDLXugQB_91Sz6baawwCj62wXrsTB1KA8P8MF9umSJjHAY2Ozv4U2_mGKCWI2nc5G1lHLOix6-JBPErvvvNx1rqc/s1600/Leibovitz00.jpg" height="320" width="272" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Although the times had seen huge changes through the Civil Rights movements and the Peace movements, women had not yet seen any changes in their own rights. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Ms Magazine</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">created by Gloria Steinem, the granddaughter of a suffragette </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">previously worked for Show magazine and attended an event at the Playboy club, found herself horrified by the conditions of the women working there who where being portrayed as 'liberated'. She wrote an expose on the Playboy club and the women/ girls working there and this was the start of her feelings of responsibility to womens rights. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">She sought out gatherings about womens rights, one of which was a controversial meeting about abortion (a hugely controversial topic as it was illegal at the time, early 60's) and spoke to women about their procedures they admitted to having done illegally, they felt ashamed and embarrassed and she felt for these women, and they un-safety of having an illegal abortion was at the front of her and many others minds.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">And so Ms Magazine was created, on the first front cover graced an illustration of a woman depicted like the god Vishnu, with many arms and many jobs, also a baby and the woman was crying. </span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEik_UsCVrJ6UwrAYcZaJ6qOzwd_3XSAEE_mVPlqNYdl_Y6g8OXSBYihkxXRF3DBbtMpG4-pB5Zy_JP_ru6-CiL4TNtHoqcF_McWmIyCGSTl-9Ee9j7Ao2WOMIPNc-GVBIN2Sj-IM_7pHTA/s1600/2blog-msmagazine.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEik_UsCVrJ6UwrAYcZaJ6qOzwd_3XSAEE_mVPlqNYdl_Y6g8OXSBYihkxXRF3DBbtMpG4-pB5Zy_JP_ru6-CiL4TNtHoqcF_McWmIyCGSTl-9Ee9j7Ao2WOMIPNc-GVBIN2Sj-IM_7pHTA/s1600/2blog-msmagazine.jpg" height="320" width="235" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The content covered new articles and new issues women where concerned about, including a petition to legalise abortion. (Again very controversial)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Its criticism of the sexual revolution started a war on the news stands. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ms Magazine had the feminist view</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Playboy had the male view </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">and Cosmopolitan was the same but female view of Playboy</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Steinem declared that Playboy was making womens bodies into products, and began women against pornography, and stated that Playboy had created the blueprint of the oppression of women in the days society.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">This had big implications for Hugh Hefner and he was seen as the bad guy. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Steinem also said that Helen Gurley Brown had created Cosmopolitan in the objective to only show gorgeous women as the attractive ones that men wanted and again fed into this idea similar to Playboy. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Gurley Brown reacted by saying that this was completely untrue and she herself was for womens rights and this is why she had created the magazine in the first place, to liberate women. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Steinem said women had no say in the sexual revolution.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The sexual revolution happened through magazines, words and images.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Now/ currently there are few revolutionary magazines left. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>The Advocate </b></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmoBZ_cGC9Rro2g0S7CVGxoDjtifc1HgymltTBLJHL5nxdhYmPcESKsk2kVAzbMX8y7I6Ppp7kBTwPnKGI-iIjpbaq0xz_aX1Ot4V7HMGaQh7eDNkzVm9EJ41RM9BcLBNufMUXVqeM2Ro/s1600/images.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmoBZ_cGC9Rro2g0S7CVGxoDjtifc1HgymltTBLJHL5nxdhYmPcESKsk2kVAzbMX8y7I6Ppp7kBTwPnKGI-iIjpbaq0xz_aX1Ot4V7HMGaQh7eDNkzVm9EJ41RM9BcLBNufMUXVqeM2Ro/s1600/images.jpeg" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Campaigned for the rights of its readers. Focussed on gay/lesbian rights again a very controversial issue at the time, where both where persecuted by the Church and the state. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">It wanted to affect social change.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">All of these magazines captured the hearts and minds of their readers, they felt they had a duty to express and change the issues in society </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Magazines have been corprotised, and revolutionaries are a dying breed, making money is at the fore-front of all magazines, and celebrity culture and the internet are two of the largest threats.</span></div>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>Amy Hillhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17229705333818130350noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2448256174762267878.post-88996832355566592242014-10-19T06:48:00.000-07:002015-01-13T03:54:13.410-08:00Inside the Great Magazines: Episode 1<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Episode 1: The Power of the Image</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The most influential and life-changing/ society changing invention was the invention the Printing Press- Gutenberg's Press in 1450. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">This meant that literature was not only available to monks/priests (who reproduced bibles) and aristocracy, (that where taught to read) it was now available to the middle and lower classes all of society now had access to words and reading. This new education inspired a huge change in the world. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Edward Cave created the world's first magazine in 1731. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>The Gentlemen's Magazine</b></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHyQB8y3jHx9nrOw47exBggYQg0XxSofhYDpjtPlUUvuywSfQcdJhRvfhOVHYp9333QtxRDNIGZNDGYOVHdwzS9ne8AmWg27_kjWBAEaaYzfZVMnZ-5aYM6h8-LKa-bH4IGtWYcKoRbWU/s1600/Gentlemans-Magazine-Contents-Page.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHyQB8y3jHx9nrOw47exBggYQg0XxSofhYDpjtPlUUvuywSfQcdJhRvfhOVHYp9333QtxRDNIGZNDGYOVHdwzS9ne8AmWg27_kjWBAEaaYzfZVMnZ-5aYM6h8-LKa-bH4IGtWYcKoRbWU/s1600/Gentlemans-Magazine-Contents-Page.jpg" height="320" width="189" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">it became a necessary read for social life and interaction,</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">with the expansion of the roads in Britain at the time it meant that not only could more be produced at one time but it could also be distributed further and wider. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">however with the gaining success of the magazine he began to write about events in parliament and was arrested and sent to jail. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">his readers did have a democratic debate to whether this was fair, but nothing came of it (due to the times, power and authority was very dominant)</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Even scientific concepts where now being distributed (enlightenment)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">and this all together made the magazine a liberating force and it was a move towards democracy.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The Gentlemen's Magazine sold around 20,000 copies a week and turned into a big business. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><u>The Image</u></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><u><br /></u></span><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>L'Illustration</b> Paris (first edition was printed in 1843)</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZhSNBlQl_llEw4zHJiKnulh3UAgzm3HaBj8gJCIb40ylvssl5pEdfVr37_-nK4XHaj-uJ2pWhlGtkobnw6oulJpRVMEBCZr8q5QC25XSmvlJTADxB8OwQiXZ-4fFgYUq0odamilWMw_s/s1600/VignetteIllustration.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZhSNBlQl_llEw4zHJiKnulh3UAgzm3HaBj8gJCIb40ylvssl5pEdfVr37_-nK4XHaj-uJ2pWhlGtkobnw6oulJpRVMEBCZr8q5QC25XSmvlJTADxB8OwQiXZ-4fFgYUq0odamilWMw_s/s1600/VignetteIllustration.jpg" height="276" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">(March 4th 1843) and was created by Edward Chatan</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">it made a fortune from marrying word and imagery together, Chatan realised the need for images within text, and did this through images that where engraved. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">He also added the first photo, (or photomontage) (edited photograph) </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">This magazine was the first of its kind. No-one had information about what was happening in their own country let alone the world. And so the first photographs where the discovery of the world. Showing people that there where different religions, cultures and races. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Alexander Graham Bell realised the photograph and its implications and started the world's most influential magazine that still resounds today...</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>National Geographic</b></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHLREHQ77zW3GUa65n4AJMrLPg2xV4inhMVIFgdZsuIFvvlZe9rCbrWLq_U9igd4zlm_VoTCA9QYm360U4iZla-ByFP5KZ2kfC6RxjJyn-YKV5NntQuHwEU0K8N4n6r3cu2i-PMt2rTdo/s1600/ngm-1985-jun-714.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHLREHQ77zW3GUa65n4AJMrLPg2xV4inhMVIFgdZsuIFvvlZe9rCbrWLq_U9igd4zlm_VoTCA9QYm360U4iZla-ByFP5KZ2kfC6RxjJyn-YKV5NntQuHwEU0K8N4n6r3cu2i-PMt2rTdo/s1600/ngm-1985-jun-714.jpg" height="320" width="224" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><br /></b></span>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Changed the world through imagery.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Was fascinated by different cultures and who we are related to.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">'A photograph is the moment' you can see a lot in just one image.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Other images alike are ones of the:</span><br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgH2xA4nw7z5iBbghYbCo8ouIF32e3wTX7SvLICN6TvXRb5cnZMwxnM9eO9s104g8ChdfhO539F55-bCwFzuvtVLuUs_WAeQ8_c0JhOi19jga1TwsHY7jVgNEp4gTovCKfDIHK9G_yTOZQ/s1600/VietsDM0510_468x483.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgH2xA4nw7z5iBbghYbCo8ouIF32e3wTX7SvLICN6TvXRb5cnZMwxnM9eO9s104g8ChdfhO539F55-bCwFzuvtVLuUs_WAeQ8_c0JhOi19jga1TwsHY7jVgNEp4gTovCKfDIHK9G_yTOZQ/s1600/VietsDM0510_468x483.jpg" height="320" width="310" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">My Lai Massacre, 1968</span></td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrwJMn3SaSVqYR0z8I6CWkf4mvOGQoL7Qk668wi6aCNavw1A_JEJat1ttVBmuVAwns_zlJhltpTP4XLmCwrFBHbW5Y2yVlwIJzxUc9rN0XtoRY391QevTCT2oCJMeex8OPfl3nKUA5LKg/s1600/article-0-136433DA000005DC-963_634x406.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrwJMn3SaSVqYR0z8I6CWkf4mvOGQoL7Qk668wi6aCNavw1A_JEJat1ttVBmuVAwns_zlJhltpTP4XLmCwrFBHbW5Y2yVlwIJzxUc9rN0XtoRY391QevTCT2oCJMeex8OPfl3nKUA5LKg/s1600/article-0-136433DA000005DC-963_634x406.jpg" height="204" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;"> Napalm Girl, 1972, Huynh Cong Ut</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhO7RraHQrTKlPZYXQcQ_tSTsExKXffmvi0ugt3EGsLr3aTC6AcTaBIICq14jLZJ1sNNSRAIbF2LwvRJzSxzcIFzBHjd2599ARCieyvWoyMdjB2TNEHqu5HThhfNIKUjU6BRYysrj-ntMM/s1600/_55289309_55289064.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhO7RraHQrTKlPZYXQcQ_tSTsExKXffmvi0ugt3EGsLr3aTC6AcTaBIICq14jLZJ1sNNSRAIbF2LwvRJzSxzcIFzBHjd2599ARCieyvWoyMdjB2TNEHqu5HThhfNIKUjU6BRYysrj-ntMM/s1600/_55289309_55289064.jpg" height="180" width="320" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">9/11 Twin Tower Attacks, 2011</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">(the list could go on)</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Words and images are how we communicate.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white;">But </span><span style="background-color: cyan;">magazines also tell us who we ought to be</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white;">Stemming from the change of a farming society to a consumer one, womens household items where among the first to be pushed onto society. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white;">Sirius Curtis creates 'Women in the Home' magazine and shows it to his wife. She laughs at him and tells him his view is completely wrong, and so she writes the magazine again, </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white;"><b>The Ladies Home Journal,</b> </span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSW6JJ76UPiyt5yWc9aFjkRzg7QNg2Y_JXdJNZP5YuRueyY2AnEEMssJzFtU3GWNaaBDLdWvDh37tdiISmCNlOuMkzuq1gevg0nFo9kRg9JXjKyLeqlZK3MYCX7O7etc8KvkG6HD3FPWw/s1600/1886_March_-_Ladies_Home_Journal_-_folded_-_83d40m_-_LHJandPH_-_p2s.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSW6JJ76UPiyt5yWc9aFjkRzg7QNg2Y_JXdJNZP5YuRueyY2AnEEMssJzFtU3GWNaaBDLdWvDh37tdiISmCNlOuMkzuq1gevg0nFo9kRg9JXjKyLeqlZK3MYCX7O7etc8KvkG6HD3FPWw/s1600/1886_March_-_Ladies_Home_Journal_-_folded_-_83d40m_-_LHJandPH_-_p2s.jpg" height="235" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white;">reaches out to women, and is a huge success thanks to Louisa Knapp (Curtis's Wife) and she wrote about real issues in the home from a womens point of view, however ironically she feels the magazine became to much of a burden to her 'duties' and the magazine is taken over by a man named Boch who talks in a superior patriarchal way but despite this his view</span></span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> had a very influential impact, and was the only magazine of the time that spoke to women and listened to there concerns, (middle class white women)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white;">The magazine promised them </span>happiness, by 1904 its the largest selling magazine in the world and circulated over 1million copies. However this happiness was only promised to a select audience, women, who where married middle class, white, and looked after the home and had children. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">For instance, African-American women where depicted as their servants.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">But ads for women became popular, they where like instructions on how to be 'female', what it meant to be a woman. The magazine blended content with advertising.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The Ladies Home Journal started the trillion dollar industry</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Built on selling an image</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">like advertising now it sells an image not the product.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Models are chosen to optimise the 'ideal' woman, </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">FQ mixes fashion with fantasy</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">and heavily relies on photo manipulation</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Magazines have opened the world we live in to a fantasy but we struggle to escape this and come back to reality. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">This stems back to escapism in the postwar 1920's when the economy boomed and people looked for the new.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">popular culture and the elite where portrayed in the magazines of the time. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>The New Yorker </b>presented a world weariness, 'The Round Table' at the Algonquin Hotel was where all the famous editors gathered. </span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJMCxA5NiWbkVX3NogIa6yDN7_fgRfOQnKS2-lTE9cBjFJuJAuSNU4SWgLTsXdym0K5lbIgKcQi7R1w6MNDCv_HgpuNq7D9zrp2poNOQt_L9qYRQnlMn5XhKelV71o2YlcfyU-WLWE_go/s1600/Original_New_Yorker_cover.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJMCxA5NiWbkVX3NogIa6yDN7_fgRfOQnKS2-lTE9cBjFJuJAuSNU4SWgLTsXdym0K5lbIgKcQi7R1w6MNDCv_HgpuNq7D9zrp2poNOQt_L9qYRQnlMn5XhKelV71o2YlcfyU-WLWE_go/s1600/Original_New_Yorker_cover.png" height="320" width="227" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The magazine also showed advertisements for Tiffany & Co and Bentley, high end products. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Vogue and Vanity Fair </b>where also created in this era and high society and high finance where the content of these magazines, and people in the magazines where held as role models.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHVswOkzs86zy0ZkvoA8dglQ4WFFHAu0x9EfcyJKgiENGMLIoUafdFSLFj-kgn_wlQ-TJw1exZPJzNgnYFniEdq_PuNfDKW14HQkuyPa1xhI70CZm3SWkZdOdbCV34w55STpsPxNGpFSo/s1600/Vanity_Fair_June_1914b.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHVswOkzs86zy0ZkvoA8dglQ4WFFHAu0x9EfcyJKgiENGMLIoUafdFSLFj-kgn_wlQ-TJw1exZPJzNgnYFniEdq_PuNfDKW14HQkuyPa1xhI70CZm3SWkZdOdbCV34w55STpsPxNGpFSo/s1600/Vanity_Fair_June_1914b.jpg" height="320" width="223" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUiomw2QJzhsyZ8AXMIYRZ_nm8bor1Ype4jYo9E-Fed8P6s_wSlS6pZ1Qw0tNO3EsRut6rht0Xcb_uQxmk8G-kZUC296JCshSbxCGiVAmKbWodSG1WK5qgPkOlDnEybuciLUa8xn8hbAY/s1600/Vogue-first-issue-12-17-1892.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUiomw2QJzhsyZ8AXMIYRZ_nm8bor1Ype4jYo9E-Fed8P6s_wSlS6pZ1Qw0tNO3EsRut6rht0Xcb_uQxmk8G-kZUC296JCshSbxCGiVAmKbWodSG1WK5qgPkOlDnEybuciLUa8xn8hbAY/s1600/Vogue-first-issue-12-17-1892.jpg" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The Great Depression spelled the end for Naste, Vogue and Vanity Fair. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">In Germany small portable cameras where invented, </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Erick Solomon, is held as the fore father of photo-journalism, with a small camera it meant he could capture images without the subjects knowing, whereas before all photographs had to be set up and posed for, the subjects knew. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">His first images where of a court case in which he took pictures of the proceedings, by concealing the camera in his top hat. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">These images spread across the world, never before had the general public seen things of this nature and this captured people. His images inspired the hugely popular magazine </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>LIFE</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><br /></b></span>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9Ldpvbmm1yR2JYO63sLoQAmOn8x_BXse-hBXdNAHgM4f8Zw6TV9jPdz60g3SN3AKsgMFeJeA7XiK6ow3AEn3a1yEakF-26k89vQ3Mpe3BHdiEme7oCPrYau8644anv0kTGMWjr1XehYA/s1600/Unknown.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9Ldpvbmm1yR2JYO63sLoQAmOn8x_BXse-hBXdNAHgM4f8Zw6TV9jPdz60g3SN3AKsgMFeJeA7XiK6ow3AEn3a1yEakF-26k89vQ3Mpe3BHdiEme7oCPrYau8644anv0kTGMWjr1XehYA/s1600/Unknown.jpeg" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><br /></b></span>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Henry Luce was the most successful editor of his time.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">His magazine had images of Gandhi, Churchill, the sailor kissing the girl, Marilyn Monroe.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A 'picture magazine'</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Solomon-esque</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Photo-journalists capture the best and worst events of the world. They where considered as artists. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Magazines showed the daily-lives of people in a photo-essay style (way before television)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Magazines became a mass medium. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">In World War 2, photographers risked their lives for images</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Luce erged Solomon to evacuate Nazi occupied Germany, (Solomon was Jewish) </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">But he said no and continued to work, until he and his family had to go into hiding. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">One day his family and himself where discovered and taken to a concentration camp (Auschwitz) and killed. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">LIFE spreads american culture across the world, post war, known as the 'American Era' </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Luce's empire consisted of Time, Fortune and Life.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The magazine appealed to a general audience and was highly influential.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">They consisted of the only colour images in the world (still no colour television)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">In the midst of the 60's Luce looses the readers/ followers of LIFE becoming almost obsolete, due to the new agendas and thoughts of the times, people lost interest in LIFE's content, it was out of touch and in 1967 Luce dies and so does the magazine. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">There will never really be this type of magazine again.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Each of these magazines liberated people from ignorance,</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Yet the twentieth century magazines imprison us with who we ought to be.</span></div>
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Amy Hillhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17229705333818130350noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2448256174762267878.post-87566540994252788712014-10-09T05:11:00.001-07:002015-01-13T03:54:13.406-08:00CoP Presentation 1<div data-configid="6465895/9652464" style="width: 525px; height: 371px;" class="issuuembed"></div><script type="text/javascript" src="//e.issuu.com/embed.js" async="true"></script>Amy Hillhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17229705333818130350noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2448256174762267878.post-74111596597212058162014-10-07T12:01:00.003-07:002015-01-13T03:54:13.402-08:00Methodologies & Critical Analysis<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><u>Methods</u></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><u><br /></u></span>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">is how the information you have found is...</span><br />
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<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Sourced</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Collected</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Collated</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Presented</span></li>
</ul>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">What you are researching ? Why you are researching it ? and what will it achieve ? </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">(need to evidence why you have selected certain <u>methods</u>) </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">One method can only get you so far, some angles have a bias, and so you you should try use other methods.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">It might be a good idea to choose a theory as a way of analysing research, </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">different theories, achieve different readings.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><u>Theories</u></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">a particular view of something</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">e.g. Psychological Theories</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Marxism/ Post Marxism</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">in selecting any theory you are conforming to its own agenda and is looking for the answers it wants to hear, and it prioritises its own ideals. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">It is a subjective standpoint.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Choose the <u>Theories & Methods</u> most appropriate to your chosen subject.</span></div>
<div>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Make decisions about how to collect and order information </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Choose a relevant theoretical standpoint</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Apply these to your study</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Explicitly outline this in the introduction (outline your methodological approach and why and what topics you will be looking into</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Address suggested failings in the conclusion.</span></li>
</ul>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><u>Critical Analysis</u></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><u><br /></u></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">being critical...</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">isn't... fault-finding and being negative</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">it is... about weighing up all points of view and making a selection based upon this</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">critical is 'to separate' or 'to choose'</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">skepticism is</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">reasoned thinking; using evidence and logic to come to a conclusion = critical reasoning</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">There is no such thing as an objective judgement.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">We all have a particular bias , there is nothing wrong with this as long as you acknowledge it, this makes it academic and informed.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Think about...</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Where the author/ artist/ designer/ photographer situated ? </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Try to consider different points of view (where, what society)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Where am I coming from ?</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">How is my choice of topic influenced by my emotions, aspirations, context ? </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Be aware of my own prejudices.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Influences:</span></div>
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<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">the time</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">place</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">society</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">politics</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">economics</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">technology</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">philosophy</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">scientific</span></li>
</ul>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><u>Evidence</u></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><u><br /></u></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Where is the evidence for this ? </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">What are you saying ?</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">(could be in the form of quotes, observations, experiments)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">understand there might be some flaws in your view point but as long as you have enough evidence to support yourself with.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Could you find more evidence to support your conclusions ?</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Evidence, Reason, Logic, Argument</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">(all work together)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Argument</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">What do I want to say ? and how ?</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Have I got the evince to back it up ?</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">What else do I need to look at in order to find more evidence ?</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Triangulation</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Putting alternatives theories against the same body of data e.g. A,B,C...</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Am I expressing myself clearly and logically.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A Clear Logical Plan:</span></div>
<div>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Keep it simple- focus on a few key issues</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Look into your key issues in depth</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Discuss your issues and evidence you have found in a clear logical manner</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Move away from the general to the specific</span></li>
</ul>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Chapter Ideas</span></div>
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<div>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">could be...</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<ol>
<li><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">History or Ideology</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Might look at 3 Designers </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Relate to one image that optimises what I am saying</span></li>
</ol>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Visual Analysis (refer to powerpoint)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><u><br /></u></span></div>
Amy Hillhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17229705333818130350noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2448256174762267878.post-91050129267089454142014-09-18T05:08:00.001-07:002015-01-13T03:54:13.417-08:00What does the term Social Awareness mean ? <div style="background-color: white; line-height: 22px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Social Awareness</b></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; line-height: 22px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em;">
<span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Social awareness is the active process of seeking out information about what is happening in the communities around you. A greater awareness of social norms and problems leads to better understanding and better solutions.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; line-height: 22px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Also known as...</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; line-height: 22px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em;">
<b><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Social Consciousness</span></b></div>
<div style="background-color: white; line-height: 22px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">is consciousness shared by individuals within a society. According to Karl Marx, human beings enter into certain productive, or economic, relations and these relations lead to a form of social consciousness. Marx said:</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; line-height: 22px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">"In the social production of their life, men enter into definite relations that are indispensable and independent of their will; these relations of production correspond to a definite stage of development of their material forces of production. The sum total of these relations of production constitutes the economic structure of society — the real foundation, on which rises a legal and political superstructure and to which correspond definite forms of social consciousness. The mode of production of material life determines the social, political and intellectual life process in general. It is not the consciousness of men that determines their being, but, on the contrary, their social being that determines their consciousness."</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; line-height: 22px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; line-height: 22px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>How can we develop our social awareness ?</b></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; line-height: 22px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em;">
<span style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 25px;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Developing social awareness involves learning about the dynamics of social relationships between individuals, groups and communities. A socially aware individual values human rights and acknowledges the importance of harmonious social interaction for the developmental progress of human beings. Social awareness spans a wide spectrum, beginning with social skills development in early childhood and encompassing the level of social consciousness that leads to social activism and societal transformation. Here are some strategies for developing social awareness.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 25px;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<ol>
<li><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="whb" style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 25px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Consider the needs of individuals and groups.</span><span style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 25px;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">People need to feel heard, valued, respected and acknowledged. Develop sensitivity to the needs of others. </span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="whb" style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 25px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Examine your role in conflicts.</span><span style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 25px;"> </span><span style="line-height: 25px;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">The use of excessive force, intimidation and aggression are common strategies when dealing with conflict. Some people avoid conflicts at all costs. Others choose the company of passive people or engage in passive aggressive behaviors. Consider the role that you play in perpetuating conflicts and commit to living a more socially harmonious life. </span></span></span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small; line-height: 25px;">Focus on commonalities and points of agreement to reduce conflict. An overemphasis on social differences can lead to disharmony. Find the commonalities. </span><br /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small; line-height: 25px;">Develop conflict resolution skills. Take a course in conflict resolution or spend time talking to and observing the behaviors of leaders and mentors who are known for their harmonious natures.</span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px;"><span class="whb" style="font-family: Helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Increase your sensitivity to social justice and harmony.</span><span style="font-family: Helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span style="font-family: Helvetica, arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">In children and teens this may mean treating others fairly regardless of their level of popularity or style of dress.</span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 25px;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span class="whb" style="font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Educate yourself on social issues.</span><span style="font-size: 16px;"> </span>Racism, and poverty are just a few examples of issues plaguing society.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 25px;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="whb" style="font-family: Helvetica, arial, sans-serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Step out of your comfort zone to experience unfamiliar groups.</span><span style="font-family: Helvetica, arial, sans-serif;"> <span style="font-size: x-small;">Whether you venture out to a different side of town or travel to a different country, exposing yourself to diverse cultures and ways of life will expand your thinking and view of the world. Being exposed to different belief systems, cuisines and lifestyles is useful for expanding your social circle and building tolerance for diverse viewpoints.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 25px;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica, arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="whb" style="font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Practice compassion.</span> Social transformation requires a commitment to exploring and understanding divergent viewpoints. Develop empathy by consciously imagining yourself in the position of those in a different or less fortunate situation. </span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 25px;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="whb" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Commit to a social awareness plan.</span> <span style="font-size: x-small;">Slipping into apathy and isolation can be easy given life's sometimes overwhelming demands. Design a plan that keeps you continually aware socially.Serve in your community. </span> <span style="font-size: x-small;">Explore service opportunities in schools, cultural centers, political organizations, religious communities or neighborhood activities. </span></span></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px;">Engage in a social activity on a daily basis. Choose an activity that requires you to listen to and tend to the needs of another person or group. </span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 25px;">Practice speaking up in defense of others. Commit to voicing your opinion on behalf of marginalized groups who are deprived of their basic human rights.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="whb" style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 25px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Ask others to support your efforts to become more socially aware.</span><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25px;"> </span><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 25px;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">When friends, family and colleagues realize that you want to become more socially engaged, they are more likely to invite you to volunteer at events and join them in community activities.</span></span></span></li>
</ol>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">-http://www.wikihow.com/Develop-Social-Awareness</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">cited and sourced from http://www.umich.edu/~divdemo/Ashe03num3.pdf</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The above list is a simplified version of the original text, and it is aimed in helping adults to teach children and young adults greater social awareness, but I think that it can be applied to adults and children, I also think some of the points can be applied to the practice of graphic design, especially point eight, ' ask other to support your efforts to become more socially aware.' I think that this is very relevant more people that help raise awareness actually do so by sheer number alone. Some of the points are slightly inapplicable to design but as people they all in my opinion do develop social awareness and humility. </span></div>
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Amy Hillhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17229705333818130350noreply@blogger.com1